Bio. Plants (Ch.23)

Front 1

embryophytes

Back 1

member of the clade of land plants; its eggs and embryos develop in a multi-celled reproductive structure.

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gametophyte

Back 2

a haploid, multicelled body in which gametes form during the life cycle of plants and some algae

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sporophyte

Back 3

diploid, spore-producing body of a plant or multicelled alga

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sporangium

Back 4

multicellular, spore-forming structure that protects developing spores and facilitates their dispersal

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cuticle

Back 5

of plants, a cover of waxes and cutin on the outer wall of epidermal cells. Of annelids, a thin, flexible secreted layer. Of arthropods, a lightweight exoskeleton hardened with chitin.

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stromata

Back 6

gap that opens between two guard cells; lets water vapor and gases diffuse across the epidermis of a leaf or primary stem

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xylem

Back 7

complex tissue of vascular plants; conducts water and solutes through tubes that consist of the interconnected walls of dead cells

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phloem

Back 8

plant vascular tissue; distributes photosynthetic products through the plant body

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vascular tissues

Back 9

in vascular plants, xylem that distributes water and mineral ions and phloem that distributes sugars made in photosynthetic cells

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lignin

Back 10

organic compound that strengthens cell walls of vascular plants; reinforces stems and thus helps plant stand upright

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pollen grains

Back 11

immature male gametophyte of seed-bearing plants

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seeds

Back 12

the mature ovule of a seed plant; contains embryo sporophyte

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bryophytes

Back 13

nonvascular land plant/ the haploid stage dominates its life cycle, and its sperm requires standing water to reach eggs. A moss, liverwort, or hornwort.

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rhizoids

Back 14

a rootlike absorptive structure of some bryophytes

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rhizomes

Back 15

a stem that grows horizontally underground

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strobili

Back 16

of some nonflowering plants such as horsetails and cycads, a cluster of spore-producing structures.

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epiphytes

Back 17

a plant that grows on the trunk or branch of another plant but does not withdraw nutrients from it

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coal

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a nonrenewable energy source that formed more than 280 million years ago from submerged, undecayed, and slowly compacted plant remains

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microspores

Back 19

walled haploid spore of seed plants; gives rise to pollen grains

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megaspores

Back 20

haploid spore that forms in ovary of seed plants; gives rise to a female gametophyte with egg cell

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fruits

Back 21

mature ovary, often with accessory parts, from a flowering plant

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endosperm

Back 22

nutritive tissue in the seeds of flowering plants

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ovules

Back 23

in a seed-bearing plant, structure in which a haploid, egg-producing female gametophyte forms; after fertilization, it matures into a seed.

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gymnosperms

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nonflowering seed plant; forms its seeds on exposed surface of spore-producing structures; a gnetophyte, cycad, ginkgo, or conifer

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conifers

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a type of gymnosperm adapted to conserve water through droughts and cold winters. Cone-producing woody trees or shrubs with thickly cuticled needlelike or scalelike leaves.

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cycads

Back 26

a gymnosperm of subtropical or tropical habitats; many resemble palms

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ginkgos

Back 27

a gymnosperm; only surviving species is a deciduous tree that has fanshaped leaves

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gnetophytes

Back 28

a type of woody, vinelike, or shrubby gymnosperm

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angiosperms

Back 29

a flowering plant; it forms seeds inside a floral ovary, which develops into a fruit

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flowers

Back 30

a specialized reproductive shoot of an angiosperm

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coevolved

Back 31

the joint evolution of two closely interacting species; each species is a selective agent that shifts the range of variation in the other

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pollinators

Back 32

a living pollination vector; (ex. bee)