Bio Midterm

Front 1

DNA is composed of...

Back 1

nucleotides

Front 2

The three parts of nucleotides are...

Back 2

1. 5 Carbon Sugar-Deoxyribose
2. Phosphate Functional Group
3. Nitrogen containing base

Hint 2

DNA

Front 3

There are 4 different nitrogen-containing bases (nucleotides) which are...

Back 3

Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine

Hint 3

DNA bases

Front 4

What makes up the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Which is 5' and 3'?

Back 4

Phosphate 5'
Sugar 3'

Hint 4

DNA backbones

Front 5

What connects the bases of the backbone?

Back 5

a hydrogen bond

Hint 5

DNA bases

Front 6

Adenine can only bind with...

Back 6

Thymine
A=T

Hint 6

DNA bases

Front 7

Guanine can only bind with...

Back 7

Cytosine
G=C

Hint 7

DNA bases

Front 8

The term defining the fact that the backbones run in opposite directions is:

Back 8

Anti-parallel

Hint 8

DNA

Front 9

Replication results in DNA molecules that consist of one old strand and one new strand, this is called:

Back 9

Semiconservative

Hint 9

DNA replication

Front 10

The three steps (each catalyzed by a specific enzyme)in DNA replication are called:

Back 10

1. DNA Helicose
2. DNA Polymerase
3. DNA Ligase

Hint 10

DNA Replication

Front 11

This enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases and the two strands of the molecule come apart...

Back 11

DNA Helicase

Hint 11

1st enzyme in DNA rep.

Front 12

This enzyme attaches free complementary nucleotides to the existing strands, they attach by hydrogen bonds...

Back 12

DNA Polymerase

Hint 12

2nd enzyme in DNA rep.

Front 13

This enzyme completes the bonds forming the backbone...

Back 13

DNA Ligase

Hint 13

3rd enzyme in DNA rep.

Front 14

Each chromosome is composed of __ DNA molecule/s

Back 14

One

Hint 14

DNA

Front 15

A ___ is just a piece of one DNA molecule

Back 15

Gene

Hint 15

DNA

Front 16

In ___ molecules of RNA are produced on the DNA templates in the ___

Back 16

Transcription
Nucleus

Hint 16

Gene Expression

Front 17

In ___ RNA molecules shipped from the nucleus to the cytoplasm are used as templates for protein synthesis, which occurs at the ____

Back 17

Translation
Ribosomes

Hint 17

Gene Expression

Front 18

The path from genes to proteins has __ steps
And they are...

Back 18

Two
Transcription and Translation

Hint 18

Gene Expression

Front 19

The base of RNA is

Back 19

Uracil

Hint 19

Differences in RNA and DNA: Transcription

Front 20

The base of DNA is

Back 20

Thymine

Hint 20

Differences in RNA and DNA: Transcription

Front 21

The noncoding portions that are snipped out during Transcription

Back 21

Introns

Hint 21

Transcription Process

Front 22

The coding regions that are spliced together to produece mRNA

Back 22

Exons

Hint 22

Transcription Process

Front 23

Mitosis and Meiosis are processes by which ____ divide

Back 23

Nuclei

Front 24

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Results in an exact copy of a cell

Back 24

Mitosis

Hint 24

Mitosis or Meiosis

Front 25

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Occurs only in somalic (body) cells

Back 25

Mitosis

Front 26

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Helps organisms grow, replace cells, and repair tissues

Back 26

Mitosis

Front 27

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Results in the halving of the DNA in a cell

Back 27

Meiosis

Front 28

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Only occurs in cells that produce gametes (germ cells)

Back 28

Meiosis

Front 29

Mitosis or Meiosis...
Produces gametes

Back 29

Meiosis

Front 30

When a cell is not dividing, each chromosome exists as a single DNA molecule wrapped around a protein, this is called...

Back 30

Unduplicated Chromosome

Front 31

Sister chromatids are held together by

Back 31

a Centromere

Front 32

Most of a cell's existance (about 90 percent) is spent in ___phase

Back 32

Interphase

Front 33

___ is the phase between cell divisions

Back 33

Interphase

Front 34

The first step of Mitosis

Back 34

Prophase

Front 35

The second step of Mitosis

Back 35

Metaphase

Front 36

The third step of Mitosis

Back 36

Anaphase

Front 37

The fourth step of Mitosis

Back 37

Telophase

Front 38

During ___, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and chromosomes become attached by the cytoskeleton to both sides of the cell...
Meiosis or Mitosis?

Back 38

Prophase
Mitosis

Front 39

In ___, the chromosomes get lined up in the middle of the cell...
Meiosis or Mitosis

Back 39

Metaphase
Mitosis

Front 40

In ___, the cytoskeleton fibers shorten, pull the sister chromatics apart and to the opposite sides of the cell
Meiosis or Mitosis

Back 40

Anaphase
Mitosis

Front 41

In ___, a nuclear membrane forms around each area of chromosomes, two nuclei have formed, and each nucleus has one chromatid from each of the chromosomes
Meiosis or Mitosis

Back 41

Telophase
Mitosis

Front 42

Meiosis or Mitosis can be clued as PMAT

Back 42

Both

Front 43

In ___, the nuclear membrane breaks down, homologous chromosomes attach to each other and exchange some genetic material (crossing over)
Mitosis or Meiosis

Back 43

Prophase
Meiosis

Front 44

In ___, the pairs line up in the middle of the cell
Mitosis or Meiosis

Back 44

Metaphase
Meiosis

Front 45

In ___, the cytoskeletal fibers shorten, pull the homologous chromosomes apart, and towards opposite sides of the cell
Mitosis or Meiosis

Back 45

Anaphase
Meiosis

Front 46

In ___, a nuclear membrane forms around each area of chromosomes, two nuclei are formed, each nucleas has one member of each homologous pair
Mitosis or Meiosis

Back 46

Telophase
Meiosis

Front 47

Crossing over- what and when?

Back 47

Exchanging genetic material, and
Prophase of Meiosis

Front 48

In letters, what would homozygous dominant look like

Back 48

AA

Front 49

In letters, what would heterozygous look like

Back 49

Aa

Front 50

In letters, what would homozygous recessive look like

Back 50

aa