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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ATP?
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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What is aerobic respiration?
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Needs oxygen
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What is anerobic respiration?
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Without oxygen
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What is anaphase?
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It is the 3rd step in mitosis. The chromosomes move away or apart
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What is an autotroph?
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Make their own food from inorganic compounds (ie plants and algae). Also known as a producer
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What is a carbohydrate?
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Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. ex. sugars, starches
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What is a cell?
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It is the basic unit of all living things
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What is a cell membrane?
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A thin flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. It regulates what enters or leaves the cell
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What is the lock and key theory?
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Each enzyme is specific for only one and only one substrate
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What is an enzyme?
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Organic catalysts made of protein
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Photosynthesis
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Is the major way the energy of the Sun is converted to sugars which provide for the energy needs of living systems
Changes light energy into chemical energy |
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What is a substrate?
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Molecules upon which an enzyme acts
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What is ph?
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scales with values from 0 to 14 used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
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What is a lipid?
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It is made up of glycerols and fatty acids (Oils, waxes, steroids, cholestrol)
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What are daughter cells?
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In cytokinesis, two new cells are created each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes
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What is telophase?
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Two new nuclei are formed
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What are chromatids?
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Pairs of chromosomes
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What are centrioles?
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Poles, appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell
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What is cytokeneis?
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Two new identical rings are formed. Their own cell - cyto
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What is meiosis?
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Meiosis - a special type of cell division (chromosome) that has 1 replication, then 2 divisions. Cell division that produes gametes
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What is a zygote?
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Fertilized egg
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What is a sperm cell?
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It has a head (nucleus) and a tail and a middle piece. Male sex cell
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What is an egg cell?
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Ova - contains a nucleus. They made be large. Female sex cell
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What is a cell wall?
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A strong supporting layer around the cell membrane
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What are chromosomes?
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A threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contain genetic information
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What is cytoplasm?
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In Eukaryotic cells, all cellular contents outside the nucleus
In Prokaryotic cells, all of the cells contents |
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Eukaryotic
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Organism whose cells contain a nucleus
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What is glucose?
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A sugar
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What is a herbivore?
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Animals that obtain energy and nutrients by eating plant leaves, roots, seeds or fruits
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What is a hypothesis?
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An educated guess. A possible explanation for a set of observations
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What is interphase?
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It occurs before mitosis where chromosomes are copied (# doubles)
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Plants have life cycles with
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Two phases - 1. diploid and 2. haploid
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What is a lyosome?
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A cell organelle that breaks down lipids
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What is metabolism?
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The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down material
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What is mitosis?
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Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
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What is a nucleus?
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The center of an atom which contains the protons and the neutrons
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Organic
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Contains both carbon and hydrogen
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What is osmosis?
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Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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What is a protein?
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Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Needed by the body for growth and repair
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What is selectively permeable?
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property of biological membranes that allows some substances to pass across while others can not
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What is telophase?
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4th step in mitosis where 2 new nulei are formed
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What is the sun?
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The source of energy for living things
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What is active transport?
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The movement of material from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration (requires energy)
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What is passive transport?
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The movement of materials across the cell membrane without using energy
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Prokaryotes
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Don't have a nucleus
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What are amino acids?
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Building blocks of proteins
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What is a heterotroph?
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Organisms that obtains food by consuming other living things also known as a consumer
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What are the levels of consumers?
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Herbivore - eats plants and nuts
Carnivore - eats meats Omnivore - eats both plants and meat |
