Bio Midterm 1

Front 1

Define organic compound

Back 1

Carbons ability to bond with 4 other atoms is the basis for building large and diverse organic compounds

Front 2

Define Isomères?

Back 2

Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements are called isomores

Front 3

Define Hydrocarbons

Back 3

Molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

example: major components of petroleum

Front 4

Methamphetamine occurs as 2 isomeres: one is crack and the other is sinus medication. What makes this possible?

Back 4

isomeres have different structures and shapes, the shape of a molecule usually determines the way it functions in the body m

Front 5

What do organic compounds properties depend on?

Back 5

Size and shape

Atoms attached

Front 6

What’s a hydroxyl group?

Back 6

Consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to oxygen, ethanol and others containing hydroxyl called alcohols

Front 7

What’s a Carbonyl group?

Back 7

Carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen

Front 8

What an amino group

Back 8

Nitrogen bonded by 2 hydrogens, acts as a base by picking up a Hydrogen + from a solution, becoming ionized

Front 9

Carboxyl group

Back 9

Consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group

Compounds with carboxyl groups are called carboxylic acids, they contribute H+ to a solution

Front 10

What’s a phosphate group?

Back 10

Consists of phosphorous atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms

Front 11

Methyl Group

Back 11

Consists of a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms, the methylated compound in the table component of DNA affects the expression of genes

Front 12

What chemical groups don’t contain carbon?

Back 12

Phosphate group, hydroxyl group, amino group

Front 13

What a macromolecules?

Back 13

Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

Cells make macromolecules by joing smaller molecules into chains called polymers

Front 14

What’s a monomer?

Back 14

Building block in a polymer chain

Monomer are linked together by dehydration reactions, removes a molecule of water as 2 molecules become bonded togther

Front 15

what’s a dehydration reaction?

Back 15

Each monomer gives away one water molecule when we have a dehydration reaction to link monomers together

Hint 15

Dehydration reactions form a new bond

Front 16

What’s a Hydrolysis reaction?

Back 16

H

Front 17

Define enzymes.

Back 17

Specialized macro molecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells

Front 18

Proteins are built from?

DNA is built from?

Back 18

20 amino acids

4 kinds of monomers(nucleotids)

Front 19

Sugar ends in ?

Enzymes end in ?

Back 19

-ose

-ase

Front 20

Define Carbohydrates

Back 20

Range from small sugar molecules (monomers) to large polysaccharides

Front 21

Define monosaccharides.

Back 21

Sugar monomers, they have a formula that is multiple of CH2O and contains hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups

Front 22

Define polysaccharides

Back 22

Long chains of sugar units

Front 23

Define Chitin

Back 23

Component of insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls

Front 24

Compare and contrast starch and cellulose

Back 24

Both are polymers of glucose, the bonds between glucose monomers...,