Bio Lecture

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Epithelial Tissue

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fuctions in absorbtion, secretion, protections, filtration, excretion, sensory reception; found: covering body surfaces, lining cavities, forming glands

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apical surface(polarity)

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free surface, exposed to exterior or cavity, contains cilia or microvilli

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basal surface(polarity)

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bottom of the tissue, contains the basal lamina- thin layer of glycoproteins that filter substances passing up the connective tissue from beneath

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basement membrane(basal lamina+ reticular lamina)

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together they resist tearing and stretching of epithelial sheet

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avascularity

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no blood supply to ep. therefor nutrition has to diffuse up from capillaries underlying the connective tisse

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regeneration

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ep tissue is mitotic( lots of cell diffusion) , highly regenerated

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2 layers

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simple- one layer( diffusion, filtration) found in capillaries , lungs; stratified-many layers (protection) high abrasion

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3 major classes

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squamous- flat, n is disk like; cuboidal- box like, n is round; columnar-column shaped n is enlongated

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Simple ep

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absobtion, secretion, filtration, diffusion

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simple squamous

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endothelium- lining the blood vessels, heart, lymph vessels; mesothelium- found in serous membrane in ventral body cavity

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simple cuboidal

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functions in secretion, absorbtion, nuclei are large stained dark, found in tubules of kidneys, glands and ducts

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simple columnar

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absorbtion, very dense microvili, secretion, lininhg the GI tract, goblet cells- secret mucous

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pseudostratified ciliated columnar

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all cells are attched to basement membrane but cells vary in hieght, function in secretion , absorbtion, found in resp tract and has goblet cells(secret mucous)

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Stratified Ep

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2 or more layers, tissue regenerates from basale layer, highly mitotic, protection

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stratified squamous

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apical surface is squamous in shape, basal surface is cubiodal, forms the epidermis of skin and lines cavities that open to the skin, the epidermis is keratinized, protein called kerotin

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stratified cubiodal

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basale part of epidermis,very rare tissue found in very large ducts and glands

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stratified columnar

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rare, found in some large ducts and glands

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transitional

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fuctions in distension, stretch, expansion, basal cells tend to be cubioal and columna, apical cells are found in appearance, found in urinary tract, kidneys, uterus, bladder, urethra

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Glandular Ep

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based on # of cells, unicellular or multicellular, or based on vagination or evagination of ep sheet

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endocrine glands

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ductless-secret by exocytosis, multicellular organs- thyroid, pancreas; unicellular-found in brain and GI tract, diffuse glands; secrete hormones, protiens, amino acids, steriods, glyco proteins

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exocrine glands

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have duct, secrete through duct to ep surface or surface of body; uni and multicellular glands

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merocrine

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secrete by exocytosis continuously, includes salaberry glands, pancreas, and most sweat glands

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holocrine

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whole thing rupture to secrete sebecaous glands (pimples)

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apocrine

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parts of it will break off or pinch off then rupture, sweat glands found in axillary and genital glands

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Connective Tissue

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protection, binding, support, insulation, transportation, all derived from embroyonic mesenchyme

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ct is made up of

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ground substance, fibers, cells, extracellular matrix is non living

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fibers

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collagen,reticular, elastic

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2 types of embryonic connective tissue

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mesenchymal tissue- from germ layer mesoderm, some will stay in ct for regenerative processes; mucous ct- temporary tissue, whartons jelly-surround embylical cord for protection,dental pulp- pulp foundin cavity of tooth

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2 subclasses of ct

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loose- areolar, adipose, reticular; dense- regular, irregular, elastic

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areolar

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fuction to support other tissues, store nutreints, fights infection, hydrates w/ in matrix

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adipose

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adpiocytes make up 90% of tissues, cells filled with tryglceride, brown adpiose in babies, consumes nutrients to give them heat

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reticular

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has reticular cells and fibers, contain WBCs, forms framework for blood cells, found in lymph, bone marrow spleen

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dense regular

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aka fibrous ct, rows tightly packed parallel collagen fibers, found in ligaments and tendons

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dense irregular

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has thick irratic collagen fibers, withstand tension in more than one plane or direction, dermis of skin, some organs, makes join capsules and lines bones and cartilage

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Cartilage

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matrix is 80% water and prodoglycans makes it thick and sticky, avascular, flexible and strong, chondrocyes sit in lacune

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hyaline

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"gristle" lot of collagen but not visiable, looks glassy, makes up less tha n 10% of matrix, supply support with plyabilty found in ribs nose branchi, embyonic skeleton

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elastic

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chondrocytes are more tightly packed more visible than elastic fibers found in ep places, ear

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fibrocartilage

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wedged b/w 2 other CT types, wavy rows of collagen and chondrocytes, found in inter disks, menisici of knee, pubic synthesis

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Bone (osseous tissue)

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function in support and protection, blood cell sythesis, fat storage, red and yellow marrow; collagen fiber + calcium salt, highly vascular

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cell types

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osteoblasts- build bone, osteocytes-sits in lacuna, reactivate to ostoblast, ostoclasts- tear down bone for growth and remodleing

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Blood Vascular Tissue

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consists of blood cells and plasma (non living matrix), and fibers (protien molecule)