Vert Bio Lecture 3

Front 1

1) Give 3 example of a protostome.
2) What is a characteristic of protostomes?
3) Where are they in relation to Deuterostomes, Chordates, and Somitochordates?

Back 1

1) Annelids, Arthropods, Molluscs.
2) Blastopore forms mouth.
3) Protostomes came before Deuterostomes, Chordates, and Somitochordates, respectively.

Front 2

1) Give two examples of Urochordates.
2) To what clade do Urochordates belong?

Back 2

1) Tunicates and Sea Squirts.
2) Urochordates are CHORDATES.

Front 3

Name the 5 chordate synapomorphies.

Back 3

1) Notochord
2) Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
3) Postanal Tail
4) Iodine Binding Structure
5) Pharyngeal Pouches/Slits

Front 4

1) Give an example of Cephalochordates.
2) To what clade do Cephalochordates belong?
3) What is a characteristic of Cephalochordates and from what are they derived?

Back 4

1) Lancelets
2) Cephalochordates are Somitochordates.
3) Cephalochordates have Myomeres derived from Somites.

Front 5

1) What are 'myomeres'?
2) Who has them?
3) From what are they derived?

Back 5

1) Myomeres are segmental muscle blocks.
2) Cephalochordates have myomeres.
3) Myomeres are derived from Somites.

Front 6

What is PAEDOMORPHOSIS?

Back 6

PAEDOMORPHOSIS is retention of juvenile traits in adulthood.

Front 7

What two major groups are contained within Clade "Craniate"?

Back 7

Hagfish and Vertebrates

Front 8

What are 5 craniate synapomorphies?

Back 8

1) Cranium
2) Complex Sense Organs
3) Large 3 Part Brain (Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain)
4) Neural Crest Cells
5) Heart, Gills, Hemoglobin.

Front 9

What are some characteristics of Hagfish (Clade Myxiniforme)?

Back 9

They are craniates, but lack vertebrae.
They also lack jaws and paired fins.

Front 10

What are the two basic mechanisms of 'tube-within-a-tube' design?

Back 10

– Separation of embryo cells into 3 layers (GERM LAYERS) that each produce different structures.
– Folding and migration of those layers.

Front 11

The notochord is formed from which germ layer?

Back 11

The notochord is formed from the MESODERM.

Front 12

The DHNC is formed from which germ layer?

Back 12

The DORSAL HOLLOW NERVE CORD forms from rolling up of ectoderm overlying notochord.

Front 13

What is the important relationship between neural crest cells and craniates?

Back 13

Neural Crest cells migrate through body to make pigment cells, tooth dentine, parts of skull, nerves, & brain.

Front 14

The mesoderm differentiates into three different parts. What are they?

Back 14

1) Somites (myomeres and vertebrae)
2) Intermediate mesoderm (kidneys)
3) Lateral Plate mesoderm (blood vessels, heart, coelem).

Front 15

Where is the gut during development?

Back 15

The gut and its associated organs are suspended in the body by the MESENTARIES (which are formed by the lateral plate mesoderm).