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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who is considered to be the "Father of Genetics"?
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Gregor Mendel
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the genetic makeup of an organism is what?
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genotype
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the physical appearance of an organism based on its genetic makeup is what?
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phenotype
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genetic makeup consists of two of the same allele is what?
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homozygous
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genetic makeup consists of two different alleles is what?
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heterozygous
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in a heterozygote, this allele masks the presence of another one
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dominant allele
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For the characteristics we examined in Lab 9,how many alleles determined the genetic makeup for that characteristic?
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2 |
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According to Mendel's laws of inheritance, how many alleles for each characteristic are contained in each sperm cell?
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1 |
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How many homologous pairs of chromosomes do human cells have?
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23 |
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An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Which kernel condition is dominant?
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purple |
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An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. What was the genotype of the F1 generation?
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Pp |
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An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. What was the phenotype of the F1 generation?
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Purple |
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An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Assuming the inheritance of corn characteristics follows Mendelian laws, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?
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3 purple: 1 yellow
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An ear of corn represents the F2 offspring from a cross where one individual of the P generation was pure-breeding dominant and the other was pure-breeding recessive. Its purple kernel count is 73 and its yellow kernel count is 27, with a total of 100 kernels. Use Chi-square analysis of the info given to evaluate the hypothesis that kernel color in corn is controlled by one autosomal gene according to Mendel's laws. Is the hypothesis accepted or rejected?
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The hypothesis is accepted.
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(part 1) PKU is a disease caused by a recessive allele (p) which codes for a defective enzyme. One must have 2 copies of the recessive allele in order to have PKU. The dominant allele codes for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme. If Adam was homozygous recessive for the defective phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be his genotype? Would he have PKU? |
PP and no |
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(part 2) PKU is a disease caused by a recessive allele (p) which codes for a defective enzyme. One must have 2 copies of the recessive allele in order to have PKU. The dominant allele codes for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme. If Beth was homozygous recessive for the defective phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be her genotype? Would Beth have PKU? |
pp and yes |
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(part 3 to PKU) Suppose Adam and Beth get married. What is the probability that they would have a child with PKU? (you can use a Punnett square to determine the answer if you want to) |
0% |
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(part 4 to PKU) If Charlie was heterozygous for the normal phenylalanine metabolism enzyme, what would be his genotype? Would Charlie have PKU? |
Pp , no
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(part 5 to PKU) Suppose Charlie marries one of Adam and Beth's daughters. What is the probability that they would have a child with PKU? (You can use a Punnett square to determine if you want) |
1/4 (or, 25%) |
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Which type of karyokinesis results in daughter nuclei with half the genetic information of the parent nucleus? |
meiosis
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Identified by letter, which of the cells or structures in the diagram are haploid? |
A and B |
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Identified by letter, which of the cells or structures in the diagram are diploid? |
E and F |
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What biological process belongs in the blank labeled "C" in the diagram? |
meiosis |
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What biological process belongs in the blank labeled "D" in the diagram? |
fertilization
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How many chromosomes are found in the cell labeled "B" in the diagram? |
23
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How many chromosomes are found in the cell labeled "F" in the diagram? |
46 |
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In this diagram of chromosomes, identify the indicated structures: centromere, chromosome, homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids |
A: homologous chromosomes B: chromosome C: centromere D: sister chromatids |
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How many chromosomes are in this cell? |
4 |
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What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram? |
metaphase 2 |
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What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?
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anaphase 1 |
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What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?
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telophase 2 |
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What phase of meiosis is shown in this diagram?
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metaphase 1 |
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what two events during meiosis increase the genetic variability of offspring of sexually reproducing organisms? |
crossing over and independent assortment |
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What event restores the diploid number for an organism? |
fertilization |
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what is the genetic material of our cells? |
DNA |
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what nucleic acid allows the information of DNA to be expressed in the cell? |
RNA
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In the diagram of a polynucleotide below, identify the labeled structures. |
A: Nitrogenous base
B: phosphate group C: sugar D: nucleotide |
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How many polynucleotide strands are required to construct aDNA molecule? |
2
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Which component of a DNA nucleotide come in four different forms? |
nitrogenous base
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In the diagram of a DNA molecule below, identify the labeled structures. |
A: phosphate group B: adenine (A) C: thymine (C) D: guanine (G) E: cytosine (C) F: deoxyribose |
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What is the process of copying DNA called?
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replication
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Fill in the blanks in this diagram of the cell cycle. (1-7) |
1: interphase
2: G1 phase 3: S phase 4: G2 phase 5: mitotic phase 6: cytokinesis 7: mitosis |
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In the diagram of a chromosome, identify the indicated structures. |
A: chromosome
B: centromere C: sister chromatids |
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How many chromosomes are in this cells? |
4
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What phase of mitosis is shown in this diagram? |
telophase
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What phase of mitosis is shown in this diagram? |
anaphase
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Pick the correct completion for this statement: Mitosis results in daughter cells that (are/are not) genetically identical to the parent cell. |
are |
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A chemical that can cut DNA at specific sequences (EcoRI is an example of one). |
restriction enzyme
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DNA that seems to code for no genetic information. |
introns
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Pieces of DNA that result from being cut by special enzymes at specific locations. |
restriction fragments
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The process of separating DNA fragments using an electrical current. |
electrophoresis
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A specific sequence of DNA bases at which DNA may be recognized and cut by special enzymes. |
restriction site
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What types of human cells can serve as a source of DNA for DNA fingerprinting? |
epithelial cells (from mouth, saliva), blood cells , sperm cells, among others
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What is the general term for organisms that can utilize light energy and inorganic materials to produce organic materials? |
photoautotrophs |
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What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction equation? |
carbon dioxide and water
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what are the products of the photosynthesis reaction equation? |
glucose and oxygen
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what is the major photopigment of green plants? |
chlorophyll a
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what are the two sets of chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis? |
light reactions and Calvin cycle
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in what organelle do the reactions of photosynthesis take place? |
chloroplast
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Label the indicated structures of this leaf. |
A: cuticle B: epidermis C: palisade mesophyll D: spongy mesophyll E: air spaces F: guard cell G: stoma |
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What wavelengths of white light does chlorophyll absorb? |
blue and red
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What wavelength of white light does chlorophyll reflect? |
green
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What technique separates the photopigments in a leaf? |
chromatography
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What was the independent variable tested in the floating leaf experiments? |
light intensity (and carbon dioxide availability)
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What was the dependent variable in the floating leaf experiments? |
number of disks floating (photosynthetic rate)
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What was the function of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the floating leaf experiments? |
provides CO2 |
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What causes the leaf disks to float? |
oxygen production in the leaf
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Fill in the blank: When the amount of time it takes for the leaf disks to float is low, the rate of ______ is high. |
photosynthesis
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Based on the data in the graph, what is the PS ET-50 (the middle time for majority disks floating)? |
10 minutes
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If no NaHCO3 had been provided in this experiment, how might that have changed the outcome? |
lower photosynthetic rate |