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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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systematics
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study of relationships among the many different kinds (species) of living organisms
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classification
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organization of organisms into groups on the basis of their relationships
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identification
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the determination of the correct group to which an unknown organism belongs
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vegetative organs
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(non-reproductive)
leaf, stem, root |
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reproductive organs
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seed, flower, fruit
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nodes
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points along the stem at which the leaves arise
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internode
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the length of stem between 2 successive nodes
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leaf
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principle site of photosynthesis
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veins
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specialized for the transport of water
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leaf axil
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represents a region and not an actual structure
the angle formed by the petiole of the leaf and the stem |
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axillary bud
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next to the petiole
usually develop and give rise to new branches |
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simple leaf
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only one blade
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compound leaf
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has more than one blade and the individual blades are called "leaflets"
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palmately compound
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leaflets all arise from a common point at the apex of the petiole
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pinnately compound
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leaflets arise at different points along the length of the leaf's central axis
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taxonomic key
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device that allows us to quickly and easily identify an unknown organism
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dichotomous key
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based on a succession of choices between pairs of statements
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6 importance of plants
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food supply
oxygen fossil fuels drugs industrial products aesthetic benefits |
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gamete
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sex cell (sperm cells and egg cells)
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fertilization
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fusion of sex cells
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spore
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a reproductive cell that can grow into a new organism w/out fusing w/ another cell
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sporangium
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a structure that produces spores
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prothallus
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gametophyte of a fern
heart-shaped structure |
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vascular tissue
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specialized for the transport of materials through the plant body
(2 types) |
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hilum
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small depression in the seed that represents the point at which the seed was originally attached to its parent plant
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radicle
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embryonic root that will develop into the root system of the mature plant
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plumule
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composed of the embryonic leaves
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cotyledons
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the two large fleshy structures that form the bulk of the seed
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bryophytes
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lack vascular tissue
produce sporangia and spores, never seeds |
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naked seed
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gymnosperms
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angiosperms
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most developed
flowering plants |
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sepals
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found at the base of the flower
protect the young, developing flower in the bud |
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petals
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attract potential pollinators to the flower
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stamen
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male reproductive part of the flower
pollen producing part of the flower |
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gynoecium
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female reproductive part of the flower
(the whole middle part of the flower) |
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"test of efficiency"
"scramble competition" |
no direct confrontations
winner=the animal that acquires the critical resource the fastest |
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territoriality
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defending areas, or territories
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tactile organs
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used for touch
antennae, feet, cerci |
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visual organs
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used for sight
compound eyes and ocelli (simple eyes) |
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chemical organs
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used for taste and smell
antennae and mouthparts |
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ecology
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study of relationships that exist between living organisms and their environment
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environment
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all factors that can influence the growth, development, survival, and reproduction of an organism
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biotic factors
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competition w/ other others for food, space, or mating partners
predation by members of other species |
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abiotic factors
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various physical and chemical characteristics of an organism's habitat
(temp, humidity, available sunlight, or soil nutrient availability) |
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abiotic factors
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various physical and chemical characteristics of an organism's habitat
(temp, humidity, available sunlight, or soil nutrient availability) |
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ecological community
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all the interacting organisms that occur in a given area
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evolution
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change in gene frequency over time
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natural selection
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charles darwin
survival of the fittest |
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blade
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top of the leaf
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petiole
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stalk that supports the blade and connects it to the stem of the plant
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stipules
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(always in pairs) appendages that usually arise from the point where the petiole joins the stem->function not know
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once pinnately compound
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leaflets arise directly from the central axis
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twice pinnately compound
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leaflets arise from branches of the leaf's central axis (division of branches)
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xylem
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type of vascular tissue that specializes in transporting water
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phloem
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type of vascular tissue that specializes in the transport of food molecules
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