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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following types of organisms do NOT depend on mitochondria to survive? |
bacteria
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What is the ultimate source of chemical energy for all living organisms? |
ATP |
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When a molecule is reduced, it _________. |
gains electrons. stores energy |
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In the absence of ATP synthase, animal cells would not be able to ____. |
carry out oxidative phosphorylation
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The final product of glycolysis is ____. |
pyruvate |
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The small molecule intermediate phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) is unusual due to which chemical characteristic? |
supplies a high energy phosphate to phosphorylate ADP
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What molecule is responsible for carrying the acetyl group from pyruvate into the citric acid cycle? |
CoA |
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Which molecule(s) is/are responsible for delivering the high energy electrons from the citric acid cycle to the electron transfer system? |
Both NADH and FADH2 |
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Why do cells go through fermentation? |
to replenish NAD+
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In the absence of O2, the partial metabolism of glucose in human muscles produces _________. |
lactic acid
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Choose the most correct statement about the two phases of photosynthesis. |
The products of the light-dependent reactions are ATP, NADPH, and O2; the products of the light-independent reactions are ADP, NADP+, and sugar. |
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In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, an excited electron from photosystem II is passed along an electron transport chain to ___________. |
photosystem I
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Each photosystem in a eukaryotic plant __________. |
a) is composed of molecules of chlorophylls and carotenoids. b) possesses a light-gathering antenna complex. c) has a specialized chlorophyll a molecule in its reaction center
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The molecule of chlorophyll a in photosystem I's reaction center is known as P700 because |
it absorbs photons with a wavelength of 700 nm.
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The primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to |
provide electrons and energy for the light-independent reactions.
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The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules EXCEPT for |
glucose |
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The C4 cycle |
ensures that CO2 is provided to rubisco and thus prevents photorespiration. |
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Which products of the light reactions are used in the Calvin cycle? |
ATP and NADPH
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Which of the following substances is not required at some point during photosynthesis? |
O2 |
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What is the ultimate fate of oxygen gas (O2) in cellular respiration? |
It is converted to water.
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How does cellular respiration differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? |
Eukaryotes use mitochondria; prokaryotes use their plasma membrane.
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What type of chemical reaction must occur for electrons to flow from one molecule to the next and supply the energy for metabolism? |
reduction/oxidation
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Which of these molecules has the most potential energy? |
glucose |
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During which stages of cellular respiration is CO2 released? |
both pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
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What is the function of NADH and FADH2? |
Both provide electrons to the electron transfer system.
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Oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor in respiration and is ultimately converted into which molecule? |
water |
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What powers ATP synthase directly? |
proton gradient
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Where is ATP synthase located in non-photosynthetic eukaryotes? |
inner mitochondrial membrane
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