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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transformation
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A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell.
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Bacteriophages
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viruses that infect bacteria
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double helix
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two strands in DNA
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semiconservative model
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daughter = 1 new and 1 old strand of DNA from parent
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origins of replication
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sites where DNA replication begins
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replication fork
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a Y-shaped region where new strands of DNA are elongating
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DNA polymerases
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Enzymes that catalyze the elongation of new DNA at a replication fork
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leading strand
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The DNA strand made by DNA polymerase adding nucleotides
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Lagging strand
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DNA strand synthesized away from replication fork with okazaki fragments
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DNA ligase
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joins sugar-phosphate backbone of the okazaki fragments to make one strand
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primer
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A short stretch of RNA start of a new chain
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primase
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an enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer
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helicase
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an enzyme that untwists the double helix at fork
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single-strand binding protein
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line up along unpaired DNA strands hole them apart and are templates for new complementary strands
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mismatch repair
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Special enzymes fix incorrectly paired nucleotides
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nuclease
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a DNA cutting enzyme that cuts out damage in DNA
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nucleotide excision repair
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DNA repair in which an enzyme fills up the cut stops from nuclease
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telomeres
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Nucleotide sequences ends liner DNA molecules
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telemerase
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enzyme catalyzes lengthening of telomeres
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