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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biotechnology
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Use of organisms to perform tasks for humans
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Recombinant DNA Technology
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Combine genes from different oraganisms or species
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Plasmids
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Small, circural DNA moleucles that are separate from the much larger bacterial chromosome
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Restricition Enzyme
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"Cuts" a DNA molecule into fragments at specific points
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Genomic Library
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Complete collection of cloned DNA fragments from an organism
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Nucleic Acid Probe
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Molecule that has been labled with radioactivity, making it easy to detect
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Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
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Any organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means
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Trangenic
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New genetic material if it came from a different species
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
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Technique that makes billions of identical DNA molecules in just a few hours
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Gel Electrophoresis
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Technique for sorting DNA fragments by length
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Genetic Markers
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particular stretches of DNA that vary from person to person
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DNA Fingerprint
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The particular pattern of banding on each persons DNA fragment
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Operon
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A cluster of genes, along with its two control sequences
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Promoter
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Binding site for an enzyme need in DNA transcription
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Operator
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Switches the promoter on and off
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Repressor
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Protein that turns the operator off by binding it
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Gene Expression
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Transcription and translation of genes into proteins
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Transcription Factors
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Proteins that regulate genes that have promoter sequences
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Cellular Differentiation
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A process which develops with organisms with many cells, and the individual cells become more specialized in structure and function as the organism develops
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Stem Cells
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Cells that remain able to differentiate into various other types of cells
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