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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Historically, how many plants have been found to have psychoactive properties?
40 300 1200 4000 |
4000
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Except for marijuana and some mushrooms, the majority of psychedelics are grown in
the americas, africa, and europe asia, australia, and the americas europe, africa, and antarctica the americas, europe and asia |
the americas, africa and europe
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LSD belongs to which class of psychedelics?
indole phenylalkamine anticholinergic cannabinoids |
indole
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Peyote cactus belongs to which class of psychedelics?
indole phenylalkamine anticholinergic cannabinoids |
phenylalkylmine
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Mushrooms belongs to which class of psychedelics?
indole phenylalkamine anticholinergic cannabinoids |
indole
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LSD was popularized by
albert hoffman timothy leary gustav schumbert alfred von bayer |
leary
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LSD was investigated as a therapy for
mental illness alcoholism exploring thought process all |
all
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Catch phrase of the psychedelic using generation
tune in drop out and turn on turn on drop out and tune in drop out turn on and tune in turn on tune in and drop out |
turn on tune in and drop out
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In the 60s and 70s the majority of illicit lsd in the US was manufactured in
Northern Cal Southern Cal Central Cal Washington DC |
Northern Cal
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MH researchers have experimented with LSD as a way to
trigger schizophrenia to study tx methods provide insights as a shortcut to psychotherapy relieve depression even out symptoms of bipolar disorder |
provide insights as a shortcut to psychotherapy
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Dependence on a psychedelic
is mainly due to physical changes doesnt happen is mainly due to psychological changes is more intense than it is with depressants |
is mainly due to psychological changes
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How many species of mushrooms contain psilocybin or psilocin?
75 750 7500 75000 |
75
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Psilocybin mushroom use in the americas went underground for many centuries due to persecution by
british US expeditionary forces spaniards portuguese missionaries |
spaniards
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In indigenous Central and South American sultures, shrooms are used to
treat illness solve problems neither both |
both
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The chemical structure of psilocybin is similar to
mdma lsd peyote psp |
lsd
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DMT lasts
under an hr over an hr 6 hrs 12 hrs |
under an hr
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ayahuasca or banisteropsis caapi mainly causes
stimulation depressoin a dreamlike state a sense of invincibility |
a dreamlike state
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Peyote and MDMA are chemically related to
lsd and psilocybin adrenaline and amphetamine psp and ketamine endorphins and enkephalins |
adrenaline and amphetamine
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the active ingredient in peyote is
amanita muscaria methcathinone 2-arachidonyl glycerol mescaline |
mescaline
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The other cactus w similar properties to peyote is called the
saguaro cactus barrel cactus san pedro cactus prickly pear cactus |
san pedro cactus
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peyote is used as a sacrament in the
native am church of n amer holy peyote church of the cactus st marys church of the desert desert church of the native am |
native am church of north am
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A cutting from a peyote cactus can be
eaten or drink smoked or used sublingually injected or eaten snorted or smoked |
eaten or drunk
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psychedelics have been used for religious, social and ceremonial purposes as well as
paranoia control appetite suppressant medical purposes diarrhea control |
medical purposes
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which if the following is a psychedelic?
soma syanozolol nitrous oxide meprobamate |
soma
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which is a psychedelic?
yohimbe guarana yoco salvia |
salvia
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indole psychdelics exert many of their effects thru
seratonin anandamide gaba |
seraatonin
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natural form of lsd comes from
cow manure ergot fungus ayahuasca vine mescaline |
ergot fungus
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st anthonys fire is marked by
extreme paranoia feverish hallucinations convulsions all |
feverish hallucinations
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lsd was discovered by
hoffman leary schumbert von bayer |
hoffman
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main physical effect of shrooms is
nausea stimulation resp depressoin pinpoint pupils |
mausea
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most serious danger from shrooms
overdosinf bc of variance in potency psychotic break due to mental effects mistaking one mushroom for another use with alc or other depressant |
mistaking one mushrooms for another
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at low doses, ibogaine acts like a
stimulant depressant psychedelic antipsychotic |
stimulant
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ibogaine is found mostly in
s am cenral am africa asia |
aafrica
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morning glory seeds have simlar affects to
peyote lsd mdma ketamine |
lsd
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yoco, cohoba, and vilca are street names for snuffs containing
dmt stp banisteropsis datura |
dmt
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dmt is used in a am
by smoking in a joint as a snuff under the tongue mixed w water and swallowed |
as a snuff
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MDA and MDMA are also known as
cerebro stimulants psycho intoxicants psycho stimulants cerebro intoxicants |
psycho stimulants
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one problem caused by mdma use is
loose bowels tight jaw muscles constipation slowed respiration |
tight jaw muscles
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physical effects of MDMA
are usually life threatenting have less impact on the sympatheti nervous system than meth have more impact on the sympathetic nervous system then meth are similar to those of peyote |
less impact on the SNS than meth
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a more severe effect of MDMA is
excessive urination relentless chills severe hypothermia severe hyperthermia |
hyperthermia
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which is a speedball?
marijuana and ecstasy meth and ecstasy ghb and ecstasy viagra and ecstasy |
ghb and ecstasy
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acute anx reaction from ecstasy results from
long term use high dose use use with alc use with heroin |
high dose use
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which two current psycho-stimulants are being abused?
2c-t-2 and 2c-t-7 ghb and lsd 4-dimethyl oxide and 2-pts-d mgb and lsmft |
2c-t-2 and 2c-t-7
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the active ingredients in anticholinergic psychedelics such as henbane are
atropine and scopolomine benztropin and myristicin artane and congentin dextromethorphan and ibotenic acid |
atropine and scopolomine
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how is ketamine used illegally?
eaten or injected smoked or snorted injected or absorbed on the gums adhesive patch |
smoked or snorted
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ketamine cuases
mind/body separation mind/body stimukation mind/body convergence mind/body craving |
separation
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pcp is often misrepresented as
peyote marijuana lsd thc |
thc
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a large dose of pcp often lasts up to
3 hrs 6 12 48 |
48
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active ingredient in salvia is
salvinorin a mescaline sage lysergic amide |
salvinorin a
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amanita mushrooms are
sold legally in the us sold for human consumptions sold by rx only not sold in the us |
sold legally
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marijuana was made illegal in the us in
1927 1937 1947 1957 |
1937
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out of a worldwide pop of 6 billion, how many smoke pot
1.6 mil 16 mil 160 mil 1.6 bil |
160mil
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species most used to make hashish
sativa ruderalis indica mexicana |
indica
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sinsemilla is
growing technique potent form of pot spanish word meaning w/out seeds all |
all
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what is most potent form of pot?
bhang ganja charas shake |
charas
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2 major andamide receptors discovered were
cb1 and cb2 mj1 and mj2 2agi and 2ag2 zig1 and zag 2 |
cb1 and cb2
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one direct reason for the munchies is
stimulation of dopamine enhancement of sensory appeal of foods anesthetizing of the fullness switch stimulatoin of the cerebrum |
enhancement of the sensory appeal of foods
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area of the brain responsible for any effects of pot like control of pain, anx, fear, and sense of novelty is
hypothalamus hippocampus prefrontal cortex amygdala |
amygdala
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part of brain most involed in short term mem is
hippocampus amygdala medulla orbitofrontal cortex |
hippocampus
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effect of pot on long term mem
is same as short term more severe than short term minimal compared to short term worsens after at least 2 weeks of continuous use |
minimal
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most common symptom from smoking pot
precancerous polyps and copd coughing and bronchitis smphysema and edema phlegm and pretuberculosis |
coughing and bronchitis
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recent rsrch
def link bt pot and lung cancer no link bt pot and lung cancer link bt prostate cancer and pot link bt thc and cancer |
no link
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pot can affect hiv/aids because
suppresses immune system aggravates kaposis sarcoma increases mucous secretion activated lymphatic system |
suppresses immune system
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how does tolerance to pot develop in users?
doesnt very slowly initially less sensitive to thc, then quickly become more sensiive initially more sensitive to thc then quickly become less sensitive |
initially more, then less
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pot persists in body fof chronic user for up to
1 week 1 month 3 mos 8 mos |
3 mos
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one of the key scidentific tools for studying pot dep and wd is
devt of pot agonist devt of pot antagonist devt of the fmri device for brain scans discovery of anandamine cb2 receptors |
marijuana antagonist
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a pos marijuana test is dependent on all except
amt of food ingested w/in 1 hr of using cutoff level on testing machine agency doing the testing amt amoked |
amt of food ingested
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ave med marijuana user is
male, 20s male, 40s female, 20s female, 40s |
male, 40s
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med marijuana should not be used if the user
is over 60 reacts to the psychoactive effects of the drug is overweight is recovering from cocaine addiction |
cocaine
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according to the 1999 report from the institute of med, med marijuana
research should continue research should not continue smoking is best delivery poli considerations have no rols in making decisions about med marijuana |
research should contine
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inhalants are sometimes called
huffers freebases deliriants volatiles |
deliriants
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which does not apply: inhalants
have toxic affect on body tissue are accessible to kids more addicting than cocaine not perceived as drug prob |
more addicting than cocaine
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which is not a nitrite
amyl nitrite sodium nitrate butyl nitrite cyclohexyl nitrite |
sodium nitrate
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method of using inhalants
snorting smokinh spraying cheese and crackers |
spraying
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volatile solvents are mostly
hydrocarbon based compounds volatile inorganics pulmonary inhalants respratory solvents |
hydrocarbon bsed compounds
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inhalant use can cause
insomnia blood problems hyperfocus all |
blood problems
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an organ tissue or system not affted by inhalants
integumental system liver heart bone marrow |
integumntal
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which is a volatile solvent
arthene trichlorethylene n prozone prothane |
trichloretylene
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volatile nitrites are used in clinical apps bc
dilate blood vessels constrict blood vesels clear sinuses act as anesthetic for minor surgery |
dilate
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excessive abuse of nitrites can cause
oxygen saturation anemia temporary asphyxiation clarity of thought |
asphyxiation
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which is considered a therapeutic drug in sports?
hgh ephedrine salvia hydrocodone |
hydrocodone
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which is not an anesthetic
artane halothane chloroform ketamine |
artane
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which is an NSAID
phenylalanine celebrex carisoprodol propoxyphene |
celebrex
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which is muscle relaxant
clinoril butazoliden soma darvon |
soma
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cortisone and prednisone are
analgesic painkillers performance enhancing drugs hormonal analgesics anti inflammatory corticosteroids |
anti inflam
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beta2 agonists are used by athletes for the control of
hives asthma muscle cramps bone loss |
astyma
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the anabolic in anabolic androgenic steroid means
muscle building producing masculine characteristics sensory enhancing blood enriching |
muscle building
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the androgenic in anabolic androgenic steroids means
muscle building producing masculine characteristics sensory enhancing blood enriching |
producing masculine charact.
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stacking steroids means
taking steroids, stimulants, and analgesics taking steroid for several weeks then stopping, then starting using steroids just before an event thereby stacking the odds using three or more kinds o steroids at once |
thre or more
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long term steroid use can cause
acne ruptured tendons and ligaments both neither |
both
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serious steroid use can cost what per week
500-1000 200-400 50-100 1200-1800 |
200-400
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one sign of steroid use is
bloated appearance enlarged testes excess hair in men overdeveloped breasts in women |
bloated
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after steroids, the most abused performance enhancing drugs are
anelgesics stimulants oxygen enhancers such as EPO calming drugs like benzos |
stimulanta
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many of the performance enhancing effects of methamphetaamines comes from their ability to
build muscle cause weight loss increase energy create a strong focus |
strong focus
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which effect of tobacco enhances performance
weight maintenance increased alertness bronchodilation for asthma blood vessel dilation for oxygenation |
alertness
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androstenedione is a performance enhancing drug bc it
is a precursor for testosterone tempers levels of testosterone in those w extra high levels increases oxygen levels in the blood which builds muscle rids body of excess fluid |
presursor for testosterone
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beta blockers would be an effective perfomrance anhancing drug for which sport
shot put boxing skiing archery |
archery
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erythropoietin is most abused in
bicycling baseball football swimming |
cycling
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creatine is
blood oxygen booster synthetic performance booster steroid precursor amino acid |
amino acid
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ghb is used by athlete bc it acts like
an herbal med an anabolic and muscle definer a stimulant an inhalant |
anabolic and muscle definer
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diuretics are used in posrts for all except
increase lean muscle mass lose weight rapidly control bloating caused by steroids avoid detection of cocaine |
increased lean muscle mass
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which is used as a performance enhancing drug in sports
oxycontin modafinil soma cialis |
modafinil
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new classification of Smart Drugs which improve mem and learning are called
new age nostrums smart solutions nootropics iq quaffs |
nootropics
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which best desribes reason naltrexone is used after opioid detox
long lasting opioid antagonist, decrases cravings long lasting replacement therapy for opioid dep metabolism modulator that heolps to rebalance brain chem all |
antagonist
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psychiatric meds affect the activ ity of NTs in all but one fo the following ways
increase heart rate and circulation of NTs inhibit metabolism and block receptor sites to NTs increase renal function and excretion of NTs all |
all
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depresson is caused by an abnormaily in the production of all except
GABA seratonin norep noradrenaline |
gaba
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med strategies to treat depressive mood disorder include all except
selective glutamate receptor antagonist (SGRA eg Symmetrel) selective seratonin norep reuptake inhibs (SNRIs eg effexor and cymbalta) selective norep-dop reuptake inhibs (NDRIs eg wellbutrin and zyban) selective norep reuptake in hibs (NRIs eg edronax and vstra) |
sgra, symmetrel
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which used to treat psychoses
phenothiazines (thorazine) benzos (klonopin) atypical antipsychotics (risperidal, zyprexa, clorazil) butyrophenone antipsychotics (haldol) |
atypical
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which not used to treta anx disorders
paxil ritalin xanax buspar |
ritalin
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which best describes use of benzos to treat anx disorders?
seratonin endocannabinoids GABA endorphins |
GABA
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which best describes the pharmacotherapy of OCD
neuroleptic meds most widely used and effective tx antidepressants are universally ineffective SNRIs are most recommended almost every type tried, mostly poor results |
poor results
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which is true re. panic disorders
SSRI meds not useful beta blockers like propranolol useful benzos useful and widely recommended no psycotropi med been found to work |
beta blockers
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biggest problem with psychotropic or psychiatric meds is
side effects compliance w physician instruction diversoin for abuse and addictive use OD liability |
compliance w doc
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MDA and MDMA are chemically defined as
atropine derivatives dimethyltryptamine derivatives phencyclidine derivatives phenylethylamine derivatives |
phenylethylamine
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the three classes of inhalants are volatile solvents, anesthetics and
herbal nitrites volatile nitrates hydrocarbon nitrites halothane nitrates |
volatile nitrates
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all excpet which of the following are medication strategies to treat depressive mood disorder
PPIs, Proton-Pump Inhibitors (Nexium) MAOIs, monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (Marplan) stimulants (amphetamines, Ritalin) TCAs, tricyclic antidepressants (tofranil) |
PPIs; Nexium
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