Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Three ways hydrogen enters the body |
1. Drinking 2. Eating 3. Metabolic water |
|
|
Water primarily leaves your body via... |
1. Urinating 2. Sweating 3. Breathing |
|
|
The three steps of urine formation |
1. Filtration 2. Tubular reabsorption 3. Tubular secretion |
|
|
Describe Filtration, the location of it in the kidney and the nephron. |
Blood picks up speed because of the afferent arterial diameter is small blood enters the glomerulus and smashes against glomerulus walls and filtrate falls into Bowmans capsule
Location in kidney = cortex Location in nephron = glomerulus |
|
|
Describe tubular re-absorption. |
Approximately 75% of important nutrient leaves the tubule and goes into the blood
Accomplished by active transport and osmosis |
|
|
What is the major job of the proximal tubule and loop of Henle? |
Proximal tubule = tubular reabsorption
Loop of Henle = concentrates urine
Descending portion = water leaves blood by osmosis
Ascending portion = Salt leaves by diffusion and active transport |
|
|
Describe tubular secretion. |
Last chance for harmful substances to leave blood and enter to be able to be excreted |
|
|
Name the most important materials passed out of the blood it to the filtrate |
Ammonium ions, urea potassium ions, drugs, poisons hydrogen ions |
|
|
What is the job of aldosterone |
To return more sodium to the blood |
|
|
What controls the regulation of pH? |
Distal tubule |
|
|
Name the function and location of the glomerulus |
Function = sight of blood filtration and High pressure capillary bed
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the afferent arterial |
Function = brings blood to nephron and branches off renal artery
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the efferent arterial |
Function = take blood from glomerulus to peritubular capillaries
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the proximal tubule |
Function = tubular reabsorption (75% of important nutrients such as salt amino acid water are moved back into the blood by active transport or osmosis)
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the distal tubule |
Function = tubular secretion (potassium ions, hydrogen ions, ammonium ions, drugs, and toxins are pumped back into tubule and water is pumped into the blood)
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of Bowmans capsule |
Function = Cup like capsule that captures everything that comes from the glomerulus
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the peritubular capillaries |
Function = blood vessels that surround the entire nephron and function in the reabsorption and secretion into/out of blood during urine information
Location= medulla and cortex |
|
|
Identify the functions and location of the loop of Henle |
Function = concentrates urine (ascending = salt leaves by diffusion and active transport descending = water leaves blood by osmosis)
Location= Medulla |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the collecting duct |
Function = permeable to water and urea
Location= cortex |
|
|
Identify the function and location of the nephron |
Function = functional unit of kidney which makes urine, re-absorbs water and nutrients, and maintains blood pH
Location= cortex/ medulla |
|
|
Name the three parts of the kidney is composed of |
The medulla, the cortex, and the pelvis. |
|
|
State the path of urine |
Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra |
|
|
What is urea derived from? |
Amino acids |
|
|
What are the three functions of the kidney |
Functions= 1. Makes urine 2. Absorbs water 3. Maintains blood ph |
|
|
Name the function of the ureter |
Transports urine from the kidney to urinary bladder |
|
|
Name the function of the urinary bladder |
Stores urine |
|
|
Name the function of the urethra |
Eliminates urine |
|
|
Name the function of the renal artery |
Takes blood away from the heart to the kidney |
|
|
Name function of the renal vein |
Takes blood to heart from kidney |
|
|
Name the function of the renal pelvis |
Outer layer of kidney which contains nephrons |
|
|
Name the function of the renal medulla |
Area of a kidney inside the cortex which contains nephron |
|
|
What does low water and blood simulate? |
Low-water in blood -(simulates)--> hypothalamus -(simulates)--> posterior pituitary -(releases)--> ADH -(simulates)--> collecting duct and distal tubule of nephron to return more water to blood -(causes)--> less urine |
|
|
What does low sodium in blood stimulate? |
Low sodium in blood -(simulates)--> hypothalamus -(simulates)--> adrenal cortex -(produces)--> aldosterone -(simulates)--> collecting duct and distal tubule of nephron to return more sodium blood -(causes)--> less urine |
|
|
Define filtrate |
Plasma without protein |
|
|
Name three other organs of excretion. |
1. Skin 2. Liver 3. Lungs |
|
|
Defined the renal pelvis |
Looks like fat and collects/brings urine to the ureter (middle part of kidney) |
|
|
What did the collecting duct and distal tubule do? |
Return sodium back to the blood |
|
|
What is the hypothalamus in charge of? |
Production of ADH and Aldosterone |
|
|
What are diuretics? |
They inhibit ADH and produce more urine (eg. Alcohol and caffeine) |
|
|
What is the kidney threshold level? |
Maximum out the kidney can hold and anything else is released in urine |
|
|
What will a major drop in blood pressure do to your output of urine? |
Lessen |
|
|
How will an under active pituitary gland affect urine output? |
The Posterior pituitary makes ADH if it cannot make it the urine output would be less water |
|
|
Outline the pathway of glucose from the renal artery through the nephron to the renal vein? |
Renal artery -> afferent arterial -> glomerulus -> Bowmans capsule -> proximal tubule -> Peritubular capillaries-> renal vein |
