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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major roles |
1. Removing waste 2.maintaing water balance 3. Balacing blood pH |
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Removing waste |
-Cell processes produce waste -Waste more from cells into the blood stream -the kidneys remove waste from blood -waste leaves the body as URINE ( concentrated fluid containing waste products filtered by kidney) |
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Metabolic waste example |
Urea -Formed in the liver - Contains nitrogen from the break down of proteins bilirubin - Protein waste product of RBC lysis - yellow color in jaundice babies |
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Balancing Blood pH |
-Normal blood pH is between 7.36 & 7.44 * blood is a buffer* More: -Acid part of blood: H+ ions - Base part of blood: Bicarbonate(HCO3-) ions |
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kidneys |
They regulate blood pH by adding or removing these 2 types of ions |
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How many kidneys humans have |
most humans have 2 kidneys (sometimes some humans are born with only 1 kidney) |
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Urinary System |
The aorta branches into RENAL ARTERIES (L+R) to carry blood to kidneys Filtered blood leaves kidneys via RENAL VEINS (L+R) which connect to inferior vena cava |
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Ureters |
Tubes that carry urine from Kidneys to the bladder. |
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urinary bladder |
-where pee is stored (before leaving body) -muscular sac: it collects and store urine from kidneys (via ureters) until urination - sphincter muscle at base of bladder controls urination -when sphincter relaxes, urine enters the URETHRA (tube that carries urine from bladder to exterior of body) |
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urinary bladder for males and females |
- In males the urethra exits by way of the penis, shared pathway for both sperm and urine; urethra is long too. - In females, the reproductive and excretory functions are distinct. |
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urethra |
tube that carries urine from bladder out the body |
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Path of urine |
1- Produce by kidneys 2- Carried to urinary bladder via ureters 3- Stored in urinary bladder 4- Carried out of body via urethra |
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The Anatony of 1 kidney |
Cortex- the outer layer of the kidney -Medulla: the area inside the cortex -Renal pelvis: the bollow area where the kidney joins the ureter |
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what is a Nephron |
function units of the kidneys - approximetely 1 million stender tubes - nephrons span through renal cortex and medulla it filters blood |
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what is the path way of blood through nephron |
Aorta -> renal arteries-> Afferent arterioles-> Glomerules-> effect arterioles-> peritubular capillary net-> renal veins-> vena cava |
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Nephrons produce urine and it's path way |
Bowman's capsule-> proximal tubele-> loop of henle->distal tubele-> collecting duct-> renal pelvis |
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Filtration |
Glomerules is a high pressure capillary bed that acts as a blood filter - still circulatory ( a blood vessel) |
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Bowman's capsule |
it surrounds the glomerules (excretory contains urine) - |
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filtered fluid |
its passed through walls of glomerules into the bowman's capsule -> not completely cleaned yet!-> then from the bowman's capsule to proximal tubule |
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what are particles do not pass through filter |
present in glomerulus present in bowman'sC - water ions (salt) - water - glucose - ions (salt) -amino acids - glucose -proteins -amino acids -blood cells |
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Nephrons balance blood |
filtrate is made when high pressure blood passed through glomerulus -> flows into Bowman's capsule |
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2 things that can happen to filtrate to "balance blood" |
1- reabsorption : movement of particles from the filtarte (keep retaining) back into the blood 2 - secretion: movement of particles from the blood into the filtrate |
