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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Autocrine signals
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are signals generated by the
same cells upon which they act. |
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• Paracrine signals
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diffuse to and affect nearby
cells. |
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signal transduction
pathway |
The entire signaling
process, from signal detection to final response,involves a signal, a receptor, transduction, and effects. |
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Ligands with cytoplasmic
receptors |
small nonpolar
molecules that can cross the plasma membrane, such as steroids. |
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large and/or polar
molecules that can not cross, such as insulin. Receptors are usually transmembrane proteins |
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Transducers
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convert signals from one form to
another. |
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• Direct transduction
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results from the action of the
receptor itself on effector proteins. Direct transduction occurs at the plasma membrane. |
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• Indirect transduction
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uses a second messenger to
mediate the interaction between receptor binding and cellular reaction |
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second messenger
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carries the signal from the
membrane receptor to the cytoplasm |
