Bio-Chem Vocab

Front 1

Movement of molecules across membrane

(low to high concentration)

Back 1

Active Transport

Front 2

Sequences of 3 nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in tRNA

Back 2

Anticodon

Front 3

Enzyme that facilitates joining of DNA strands by catalyzing phosphodiester bonds

Back 3

DNA Ligase

Front 4

Enzyme that creates DNA by assembling nucleotides, usually works in pairs (2 strands)

Back 4

DNA Polymerase

Front 5

Extracting one material form another by washing it with a solvent

Back 5

Elute

Front 6

Organism with complex cell or cells (genetic material bound in membranes)

Back 6

Eukaryote

Front 7

Any part of a gene that will be part of the final mature RNA produced after Intron removal

Back 7

Exon

Front 8

Collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells (provide support for other cells)

Back 8

Extracellular Matrix

Front 9

Proteins that contain oligosaccride chains (glycans) that are covalently bonded to polypeptide side chains

Back 9

Glycoprotein

Front 10

Non-coding sections of an RNA transcript, or DNA encoding it, spliced out before translation

Back 10

Introns

Front 11

Large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to ribosome

Back 11

mRNA

Front 12

Segments of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression

Back 12

Operator

Front 13

Hairlike appendage found on the surface of many bacteria (used in exchange of genetic material)

Back 13

Pili

Front 14

Single-celled organism that lacks membrane bound nucleus

Back 14

Prokaryote

Front 15

Region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene (located near start sites)

Back 15

Promoter

Front 16

Enzyme used to generate complimentary DNA (cDNA) for an RNA template.

Back 16

Reverse Transcriptase

Front 17

Enzyme that cuts DNA at or near restriction sites

Back 17

Restriction Enzyme

Front 18

Complex of over 50 proteins plus its own compliment of RNA (many are attached to reticulum)

Back 18

Ribosome

Front 19

Enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA. Necessary for constructing RNA chains.

Back 19

RNA Polymerase

Front 20

RNA component of ribosome, essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms

Back 20

rRNA

Front 21

Editing of pre-mRNA, introns are removed & exons are joined together (ligated)

Back 21

Splicing

Front 22

Section of nucleic acid sequence that marks the end of a gene or operon

Back 22

Terminator

Front 23

First step of gene expression, a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by polymerase

Back 23

Transcription

Front 24

Process where cellular ribosomes create proteins, mRNA decoded to produce polypeptides

Back 24

Translation

Front 25

Genetic alteration of a cell resulting from incorporation of (exogenous DNA) through cell membranes

Back 25

Transformation

Front 26

Small piece of DNA that inserts itself into another place in the genome

Back 26

Transposon

Front 27

Type of RNA, helps decode mRNA into a protein, it functions at specific sites

Back 27

tRNA