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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy in motion
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Potential Energy
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Stored Energy
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First Law of thermodynamics
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Enerygy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transfered or converted. Some energy can be lost during conversions as heat.
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
or Entropy |
Disorder is always incresing.
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Redux Reactions
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Reduction-Oxidation rections, where molecule looses an electron (oxidated) and another gains that electron (reduced)
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Free Energy
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Is the ammount of energy available to break and create new bonds.
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Endergonic reaction
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A Reaction that needs the input of energy.
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Exergonic reaction
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A reaction that yields energy.
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Catalysis
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Is the acceleration of a chemical reaction induced by a catalyst.
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Activation Energy
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Is the energy needed to destabilize bonds and initiate reactions.
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Catalyst
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Substances that lower the activation energy.
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Enzymes
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Biological Catalysts.
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Multienzyme Complexes
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Groups of enzymes that work together catalyzing the steps of a sequence of reactions.
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3 Facts about Enzymes
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- Can always be reused (unless inhibited).
- They are "Globular" proteins. - Most have one or more active sites. |
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Ribozymes
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RNA molecules that catalyze RNA.
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Intramolecular Catalysis
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Catalyze reactions on themselves
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Intermolecular Catalysis
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Catalyze Reactions on other molecules without themselves being changed
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Optimum Temperature
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The temperature at which enzymes work best.
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Enzymes below optimum temperature
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The hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that determine the cells shape are not flexible enough for optimum catalysis.
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Enzymes in high temperatures
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Become denaturated.
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Enzymes and pH?
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Ionic interactions also hold enzyme together.
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
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The FUEL for the cell.
Composed of 1. Ribose 2. Adenine 3. Triphosphate Group. *used for endergonic reactions |
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Competitive Inhibitors
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Inhibitors that compete with substrates for the same binding site.
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Non-Competitive Inhibitors
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Inhibitors that bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme shutting it down.
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Allosteric Site
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Specific sites within the enzyme that act as on/off switches.
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Activators
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Activators bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme to keep it in the "ON" mode.
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Metabolism
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Is the total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism.
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Anabolism
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Reactions that requiere energy.
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Catabolism
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Reactions that yield energy.
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Feedback Inhibition
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Regulates the production of products that result in the reactions. If the cell produces too much ammount of a product is actomatically halts the reaction.
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