Bio Chapter 5 Test

Front 1

what are some functions of the plasma membrane

Back 1

- isolates the cell's contents from the external environment

- it regulates the exchange of essential substances

- allows communication between cells

- creates attachments within and between cells

- regulates biochemical reactions

Front 2

indicates that each membrane consists of a mosaic of different proteins that constantly shift and flow within the double layer of phospholipids

Back 2

fluid mosaic model

Front 3

the fluid portion of the membrane

Back 3

phospholipid bilayer

Front 4

what two parts make up phospholipids?

Back 4

- a polar, hydrophilic head

- 2 non polar, hydrophobic cells

Front 5

water-soluable substances ______ easily pass phospholipid bilayers

Back 5

cannot

Front 6

very small molecules such as ___, ____, and ___ ___ as well as larger, lipid-soluable molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer

Back 6

water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Front 7

___ stabilizes membranes, affecting fluidity and reducing permeability

Back 7

cholesteral

Front 8

____ are embedded within, or attached to the phospholipid bilayer

Back 8

proteins

Front 9

many proteins have attached _____ (____) on their outermost membrane surface

Back 9

carbohydrates (glycoproteins)

Front 10

list the 5 types of membrane proteins

Back 10

1. receptor proteins

2. recognition proteins

3. enzymatic proteins

4. attachment proteins

5. transport proteins

Front 11

what is the job of receptor proteins

Back 11

trigger cellular responses upon binding of specific molecules, such as hormones sent by other chemicals

Front 12

what is the job of recognition proteins

Back 12

they are glycoproteins that serve as identification tags on the surface of a cell

Front 13

what are the two types of transport proteins

Back 13

- channel proteins

- carrier proteins

Front 14

what do channel proteins do

Back 14

form channel whose central pores allow specific ions or water molecules to pass through the membrane

Front 15

what do carrier proteins do

Back 15

they have binding sites that can temporarily attach to specific molecules on one side of the membrane and then move them through the membrane to the other side

Front 16

what are the two types of movement across the plasma membrane

Back 16

- passive transport

- energy-requiring transport (active transport)

Front 17

what is passive transport

Back 17

is the diffusion of substances across cell membranes down concentration gradients

Front 18

what is energy-requiring (active) transports

Back 18

transport that requires the use of cellular energies

Front 19

what is simple diffusion

Back 19

substances move down their concentration gradients across a membrane

examples: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and lipid-soluable molecules

Front 20

what is it called when water soluble molecules like ions, amino acids, and sugars diffuse down their concentration gradients with the aid of channel and carrier transport proteins

Back 20

facilitated diffusion

Front 21

list the 3 different osmotic solutions

Back 21

- hypotonic

- hypertonic

- isotonic

Front 22

what does hypotonic mean

Back 22

means theres more water outside then inside, cell gains water

SHAWN GETS BIGGER

Front 23

what does hypertonic mean

Back 23

means theres more water inside than outside, cell loses water

SHAWN GETSE SMALLER

Front 24

what does isotonic mean

Back 24

means theres equal amounts on both sides, no change in cell volume

SHAWN IS JUST RIGHT,like he usually is

Front 25

energy requiring transport includes, ____, ____, and ____

Back 25

active tranport, endocytosis, and exocytosis

Front 26

during ___, membrane proteins use energy to move molecules or ions across plasma membrane ___ their concentration gradients

Back 26

active transport, against

Front 27

active proteins are often referred to as ___

Back 27

pumps

Front 28

cells engulf particles or fluids by ____

Back 28

endocytosis

Front 29

particles engulfed by endocytosis are transported within the cell inside ___

Back 29

vesicles

Front 30

what are the 3 types of endocytosis

Back 30

- phagocytosis

- receptor-mediated endocytosis

- pinocytosis

Front 31

what happens during pinocytosis

Back 31

"cell drinking" moves liquids into the cell

Front 32

what happens during receptor-mediated endocytosis

Back 32

moves specific molecules into the cell

Front 33

what happens during phagocytosis

Back 33

"cell eating" moves large particles into the cell

Front 34

____ moves particles out of the cell

Back 34

exocytosis

Front 35

cells use energy to dispose of undefeated particles of waste or to secrete substances into the extracellular fluid by ___

Back 35

exocytosis

Front 36

___ attach cells together

Back 36

desmosomes

Front 37

___ are found where cells need to adhere tightly together under the stresses of movement

Back 37

desmosomes

examples: skin, intestine, urinary bladder

Front 38

___ make cell attachments waterproof

Back 38

tight junctions

Front 39

what is found where tubes and sacs must hold contents without leaking

Back 39

tight junctions

examples: skin, urinary bladdes

Front 40

where are gap junctions found?

Back 40

in animals

Front 41

where are plasmodesmata found?

Back 41

in plants

Front 42

cell-to-cell protein channels allowing for passage of hormones, nutrients, and ions in animal cells are called ___

Back 42

gap junctions

Front 43

plant cells have holes in the walls of adjacent cells forming cytoplasmic connections called ____

Back 43

plasmodesmata