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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prokaryotic forms
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bacillus (straight and rod shaped)
coccus (spherical shaped) spirillim (long and helical shaped) |
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spores
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single celled bodies formed from bacterical colonies that grow into new bacterial individuals
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unicellularity
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prokaryotes are fundamentally single-celled, while eukaryotes are ulticellular
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cell size
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prokaryotes are around 1 micro meter, while eukaryotic cells are over 10 times that size
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chromosomes
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prokaryotic dna exists as a single circle in the cytoplasm, while in eukaryotes, proteins are complexed with the DNA into multiple chromosomes
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cell division/genetic recombination
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prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission (pinch in half) while eukaryotes go through mitosis
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interal compartmentalization
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prokaryotes have no interal compartments, no internal membrane system, and no cell nucleus, which eukaryotes do
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nucleoid
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where the naked circulary DNA of prokaryotes is localized in a zone of cytoplasm
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flagella
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prokaryotic flagella are single stranded and spin, while eukaryotic flagella are complex and whip like
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metabolic diversity
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prokaryotes have many different patterns of anaerobic and aerobic resperation, while eukaryotes only have one kind of photosymthesis
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ways prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ
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1) unicellularity
2) cell size 3) chromosomes 4) cell division/genetic recombination 5) internal compartmentalization 6) flagella 7) metabolic diversity |
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classification characteristics of prokaryotes
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1) photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic
2) motile or nonmotile 3) unicellular or colony forming or filamentous 4) spore formation by division or transverse binary fission |
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kinds of prokaryotes
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archaebacteria & bacteria
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molecular approaches to prokaryotic classification
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1) analysis of amino acid sequences
2) analysis of nucleic acid sequences 3) analysis of nucleid acid hybridization 4) gene and RNA sequencing/rRNA 5) whole genome sequencing |
