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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the stable pH of blood?
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7.35-7.45
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stomach pH?
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1-2
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What is acidosis?
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Below 7.35
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What is alkalosis?
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Above 7.45
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Why are enzymes affected when there is a deviation in the blood?
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-enymes will not work -homeostasis will be interrupted -raise activation energy |
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What is the breaking apart of 2+ water molecules (usually capable of recombining)?
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dissociation
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In water one____________shifts from one molecule to the other.
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H+ |
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___________has an increased amount of H+ concentration of a solution. |
Acid |
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___________have a decreased amount of H+ concentration of a soulution. |
Bases
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What are acids and bases that dissociate completey in water?
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Strong
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What is pH? |
the measure of H+ concentration |
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What is the neutral pH?
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7 |
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What is the heat vaporization?
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540 cal/g
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What is the ability of water to stick to other surfaces, like the inside of a straw?
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cohesion |
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What is waters ability to stick to other water molecules?
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adhesion |
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Solutions that have a high concentrate of H+ ions are _______________.
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Acidic |
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Solutions that have a high concentrate of OH- ions are ________________.
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Basic |
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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the ___________ and salt is the ____________.
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solvent, solute
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What is everything in the universe made of?
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matter |
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What is the measure of the amount of mass in an object called?
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mass |
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What are the three states of matter?
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-solid -liquid -gas |
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What are charged particles that move around an atom's nucelus?
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electrons
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What is xylem?
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The tubing in the plant in which water moves.
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What is phloem?
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Where you move the food from where it was produced to where its going to be stored.
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What do xylem and phloem make?
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The vascular tissue
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How does a drought affect the movement of water?
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The water will stay in areas that need it most due to a lack of water. It will eventually shut down unimportant functions and bases the water movement in the most important parts.
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What is the losing of electrons and becoming more positively charged?
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Oxidation
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What is covalent bonding?
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Sharing of electrons
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What is ionic bonding?
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Transfer of electrons |
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What are two characteristics of acids?
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They are sour and corrosive. |
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What are two characteristics of bases?
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They are slippery and bitter.
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WHat is bile?
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-released by the liver -basic bc it is going in the -an emulsifier that helps in the breakdown of fats and oils |
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How is blood regulated?
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-respiratory system (how much CO2) -the kidneys filter |
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What does your respiratory system do if your blood pH is above 7.45?
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It holds in the CO2 to make carbonic acid that will lower the pH to an acid.
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What does your respiratory system do if your blood pH is below 7.35?
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You would yawn or hyperventilate or try to get rid of any excessive CO2.
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How is your stomach protected from the acid?
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Mucus produced by goblet cells.
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The atomic number is always___________.
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Smaller |
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The atomic mass is always_____________.
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Bigger |
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How do you reach the number of protons and electrons?
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It is the atomic number. |
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How do you reach the number of neutrons?
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The atomic mass minus the atomic number. |
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What is different in isotopes?
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They have different number of neutrons.
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Anything with + is a ____________?
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Cation |
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Anthing with - is an_____________?
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Anion
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What is an enzyme?
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A biological catalyst tha lowers the activation energy. |
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What is the activation energy?
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The amount of force needed to make a chemical reaction. |
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When neutralizing what two things will be formed?
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Salt and water |
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When a base and acid are combined, then you put 10 and the number between them with a _________.
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10 to the 5th x
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The pH of the stomach juices is 1-2 due to the release of____________?
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Hydrochloric acid
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What does it mean when a reaction is exergonic?
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The reactants have more bond energy than the products.
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What does it mean when a reaction is endothermic?
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The products have more bond energy than the reactants.
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What is the universal solvent?
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Water
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Where is the mass of an atom centered? |
The nucleus. |
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What is the rule in which the electrons like to fill their outer shells with 8 electrons? |
Octet rule |
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What is it called when the reactants and the products are made at the same rate? |
Equilibrium |
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What are some of the properties of enzymes? |
-They are specific -Reusable!!!!!! -Never become part of the products -Temperature and pH can prevent their ability to work properly. |
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A solution becomes ______________ when no more solute will dissolve. |
Saturated |
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What are the solutions that have water as the solvent and are important to life? |
Aqueous |
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What is it called when the oxygen end "acts" negatively charged and the hydrogen end "acts" positively charged? |
Water is a polar molecule. |
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What are hydrogen bonds made of? |
Negative oxygen and positive hydrogen. |
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What are the five properties of water? |
1) Cohesion 2) Adhesion 3) High specific heat 4) High heat of vaporization 5) Less dense as a solid |
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What is the measure of the strength of the water's surface which produces a film? |
Surface tension |
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H2O attracting to other H2O is what? |
Cohesion |
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What is the attraction of two substances? |
Adhesion |
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What does adhesion produce? |
Surface tension |
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The process in which plants move water and is the evaporation of water from small pores (stoma- pural) on the underside of the leaves? |
Transpiration |
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How do plants absorb water? |
Through their roots |
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What two processes do plants make to move water upward against gravity to the leaves? |
Transpiration and capillary action |
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What is the movement of water that involves the use of no energy? |
Passive transport |
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What does high humidity do to transpiration? |
Slows it down |
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Where do cohesion and adhesion take place? |
The xylem |
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Where does transpiration take place in a plant? |
The stoma |
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What is the amount of energy needed to convert one gram of a substance from a liquid to a gas? |
Heat of vaporization |
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What must break in order for water to evaporate? |
Hydrogen bonds |
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What is the ability to maintain a steady state despite changing conditions? |
Homeostasis |
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What side of the pH scale are acids? |
Left |
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What side of the pH scale are bases? |
Right |
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What is a buffer? |
Weak acids of bases that react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH. |
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What does neutralization always produce? |
Salt and water |
