Bio Chapter 11

Front 1

Gene pool

Back 1

The gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species

Front 2

Allele frequency

Back 2

Allele frequency is the relative frequency of an allele at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage

Front 3

Normal distribution

Back 3

a function that represents the distribution of many random variables as a symmetrical bell-shaped graph.

Front 4

Microevolution

Back 4

evolutionary change within a species or small group of organisms, especially over a short period.

Front 5

Directional selection

Back 5

directional selection is a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype

Hint 5

Front 6

Distributive selection

Back 6

describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

Front 7

Gene flow

Back 7

Gene flow is the transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another

Front 8

Gene drift

Back 8

is the change in the frequency of a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.

Front 9

Bottle neck effect

Back 9

Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation.

Front 10

Founder effect

Back 10

the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

Front 11

Sexual selection

Back 11

mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with

Front 12

Reproductive isolation

Back 12

a collection of mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes that prevent the members of two different species that cross or mate from producing offspring, or which ensure that any offspring that may be produced are sterile.

Front 13

Speciation

Back 13

the evolutionary process by which reproductively isolated biological populations evolve to become distinct species

Front 14

Behavior isolation

Back 14

helps members of the same species identify each other as proper mates.

Front 15

Geographic isolation

Back 15

population of animals, plants, or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species. Typically geographic isolation is the result of an accident or coincidence.

Front 16

Temporal isolation

Back 16

this is a mechanism that prevents species from mating because they breed at different times

Front 17

Convergent evolution

Back 17

organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments

Front 18

Coevolution

Back 18

change in the genetic composition of one species in response to a genetic change in another.

Front 19

Extinction

Back 19

the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct.

Front 20

Adaptive radiation

Back 20

a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment

Front 21

Punctuated equilibrium

Back 21

a theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record they will become stable