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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
virus:
package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself
bacteriophage:
virus that infects bacteria; also called a "phage"
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):
molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
nucleotide:
building block (monomer) of nucleic acid polymers
nitrogenous base:
single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached functional groups, found in nucleic acids
pyrimidine:
single-ring nitrogenous base
purine :
double-ring nitrogenous base
double helix:
two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
DNA replication:
process of copying DNA molecules
DNA polymerase:
enzyme that makes the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of new DNA strands
ribonucleic acid (RNA):
nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose
transcription:
process by which a DNA template is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule
translation:
process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids
codon:
in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid
messenger RNA (mRNA):
RNA molecule transcribed from a DNA template
RNA polymerase:
transcription enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together
intron:
internal noncoding region in RNA transcript
exon:
coding region in RNA transcript
RNA splicing:
process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
transfer RNA (tRNA):
RNA that translates the three-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids
anticodon:
in tRNA, a triplet of nitrogenous bases that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA
ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
RNA component of ribosomes
mutation:
any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
mutagen:
physical or chemical agent that causes mutations