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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is aging?
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The decline of physiological function and cessation of reproductive capacity.
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Babies and toddlers sleep away ___ of their early childhood.
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half
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Adults spend about ____ of their time sleeping.
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one-third
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What is an electroencephalograph (EEG)?
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a recording of electrical signals from the breain made by hooking up electrodes to the subject's scalp.
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What is slow wave sleep (SWS)?
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the stage right after falling asleep when there is slow EEG activity.
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What is Rapid Eye Movement (REM)?
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the second stage of sleep when the EEG reveals very fast activity. The eyes move rapidly.
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How many hours of sleep do you need a night?
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8 1/2 to 9 1/4
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What are some short term responses to stress?
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-heartbeat and blood pressure increase
-blood glucose level rises -muscles become energized |
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What are some long term responces to stress?
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-protein and fat metabolism instead ofglucose breakdown
-immune cells are repressed -sodium ions and water are reabsorbed by kidney -blood volume and pressure increase |
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What does low density lipoprotien (LDL) do?
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It brings cholesterol to cells for plasma membranes or hormone synthesis.
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What do high density lipoprotiens (HDL) do?
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it removes excess cholesterol to liver for disposal into bile (small intestine).
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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and cerebrovasucular disease are responsible for _____ of the deaths in individuals over the age of ____.
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70%-80%, 65
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Why does changes of developing cancer increase as a person gets older?
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Because more time has been available for mutations to accumulate.
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What is the deadliest form of skin cancer?
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melanoma
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What are some characteristics of basal call carcinoma?
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-layer of skin beneath the skin surface
-excessive and chronic sun exposure -fair complexion -early treatment has 95% cure rate |
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What are some characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma?
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-develops in the outer later of skin
-excessive chronic exposure to sun -fair complexion |
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What is melanoma?
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a skin cancer arises in melanocytes, the dark pigment cells of the skin. it usually arises in a pre-existing mole or other pigmented lesion
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What is the most common cancer-causing virus in the US?
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The human papillomavirus (HPV). It's involved in the transmission of cervical cancer.
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What is hayflick's limit?
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Cells have biological clocks, a limited potential for cell division)
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Most mammalian cells die after dividing ___ to ___ times.
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50 to 60
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What are the two types of cell death?
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Necrosis and apoptosis
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What is necrosis?
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cell death from injury
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what is apoptosis?
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programmed cell death
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What are alzheimer's plagues?
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abnormal build ups in the spaces between normal brain's nerve cells of a protein called beta amyloid.
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What is alzheimer's tangels?
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abnormal collections inside neurons of twisted threads made up of a protein called tau.
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in the aging adult, in some localized areas, especially on the hands and face, ____ increase in number to produce age spots.
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melanocytes
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What is Werner's Syndrome?
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a disease of premature and accelerated aging associated with defects in a DNA unwinding enzyme.
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What is Progeria?
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An inverted insertion mutation where each parent passes a normal chromosome that mutates during cell division.
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What is life span?
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it is species-specific, genetically determined, and is the physiological limit of an organism. It is what we could be capable of living. The human life span is 122 years.
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What is life expectancy?
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It is the average logevity of a population, it varies among different populations and in different historical periods, and is affected by environmental factors. It is was we are expected to live.
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What is primary succession?
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It occurs on bare, lifeless substrate such as rocks or open water. It is a gradual occurance.
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What is the pioneer community?
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The first organisms that inhabit the changing environment.
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What is the climaz community?
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The final stage of succession in a particular area.
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What is secondary succession?
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It occurs in areas that have been disturbed. Origionally these areas were occupied by living organisms.
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What is forsensics?
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the determination of the cause, location, and time of death.
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What is forensic entomology?
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the use of insect knowledge in the investigation of crimes or even civil disputes.
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It is healthier to have a higher level of which lipoprotien?
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HDL
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The fragmentation of the cytoplasm and the fragmentation of the cell's DNA is known as:
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blebbing
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What are some antioxidants?
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vitamins A, C, Beta carotene, and E
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What causes the wear and tear in cells?
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free radicals
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