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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biological extinction?
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The disapearance of a species, eliminating that sequence of DNA
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How many major episodes of mass extinction have occured?
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5
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What was the most drastic extinction?
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The end of the Permian period 248 million years ago.
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What is the bottleneck effect?
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-inbreeding due to population reduction
-reduce genetic variation -lack adaptability -threaten the survival of the species |
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What happens if a species lacks genetic variation?
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susceptible to disease outbreak or environmental change.
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What are 5 types of mutation?
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missense, nonsense, frameshift, deletion, and insertion.
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What is an example of missense?
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THQ ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE
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What is an example of nonsense?
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THE ONE BIG
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What is an example of framshift?
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THE ONE QBI GFL YHA DON ERE DEY
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What is an example of deletion?
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THE ONE BIG HAD ONE RED EYE
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What is an example of insertion?
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THE ONE BIG WET FLY HAD ONE RED EYE
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What are somatic mutations?
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Mutations that are not transmitted to future generations.
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What is a germline mutation?
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Mutations that are passed from generation to generation
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Spontaneous mutations:
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arise randomly in nature.
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Induced mutations:
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arise as a result of the influence of any artificial factor.
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What is the p53 protein?
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It moniters the repair of damaged DNA. If damage is too severe, it promotes programmed cell death or apoptosis.
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What is neutral mutation? What are examples?
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It has no apparent advantages or disadvantages. Earlobe, widow's peak...
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What is harmful mutation? What are examples?
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it is detrimental or even lethal to the individual. Hemophelia.
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What is beneficial mutation? What is an example?
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it provides survival/reproductive advantages to the individual. One allele for Sickle Cell anemia.
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Asexual reproduction is moer cost effective in regards to:
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offspring number and energy utilization.
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Less than __ of all species reproduce asexually.
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1%
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What is the basic principle of sexual reproduction?
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individual variations within the species for maximum adaptability.
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What is bilogical extinction?
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the disappearance of a species and elimination of that sequence of DNA.
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In order for a mutation to be passed on to the next generation it must be a:
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germline mutation
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What are gametes?
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sex cells
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Most mutations are either ____ or ____.
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neutral or detrimental
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What is the disadvantage or sexual reproduction?
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It increases the amount of DNA and requires two organisms in order to reproduce.
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What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?
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It's the most efficient way for increasing genetic diversity.
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In the most dramatic of the mass extinctions, ___% of all marine animals became extinct due to ________ shifting.
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95, Pangea
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