Bio Chapter 1 Vocab

Front 1

Capsid

Back 1

The protein shell of a virus

Front 2

Capsomere

Back 2

Subunit of the capsid that can self-assemble

Front 3

Cell surface membrane

Back 3

Transmembrane integral protein that communicates between the cell and the outside of world

Front 4

Cell theory

Back 4

Cells are basic unit if structure and function of all living organisms is the cells. Cells only come from other cells: cell division

Front 5

Cell wall

Back 5

Rigid outer layer of plant, animal, or bacterial cell that provides support

Front 6

Centriole

Back 6

2 small sets of microtubules found in the centrosome of animal cells that helps make spindle fibers during cell division

Front 7

Centrosome

Back 7

Cell organelle from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division

Front 8

Chloroplast

Back 8

Photosynthetic cell plastid that contains chlorophyll

Front 9

Chromatin

Back 9

The genetic material of eukaryotic chromosomes containing protein and DNA

Front 10

Cristae

Back 10

The partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane

Front 11

Cytoplasm

Back 11

Material within a cell between the nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane

Front 12

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid

Back 12

Self-replicating genetic material present in all living organisms

Front 13

Electromagnetic spectrum

Back 13

Entire range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation extending from gamma rays to the longest Radio waves including visible light

Front 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Back 14

Network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell involved in protein and lipids synthesis

Front 15

Endosymbiont theory

Back 15

evolutionary thoery that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes stating that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as a symbiosis between separate single-celled organisms

Front 16

eukaryote

Back 16

Organism in which the genetic material is DNA contained within a distinct cellular nucleus

Front 17

eye-piece graticule

Back 17

Grid incorporated in the eyepiece for measuring objects under the microscopes

Front 18

golgi apparatus

Back 18

stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces that contain enzymes that collects, process, sorts molecules

Front 19

grana

Back 19

stacks of membranes that absorb light during photosynthesis

Front 20

Large central vacuole

Back 20

plant cellular organelle that stores material and wastes and provides turgor pressure to support the plant

Front 21

lysosome

Back 21

organelle of eukaryotic cells containing hydrolytic enzymes enclosed in a membrane

Front 22

magnification

Back 22

the degree in which something is enlarged

Front 23

microtubules

Back 23

tubular structure present in the cytoplasm of cells that aggregates to form more complex structures

Front 24

Mitochondrion/Mitochondria

Back 24

cellular organelle in which the processes of respiration and energy production occur

Front 25

nuclear envelope

Back 25

the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Front 26

Nuclear pores/nucleopore

Back 26

conspicuous perforations that allow exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Front 27

Nucleolus

Back 27

dark staining section of the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes

Front 28

Nucleus

Back 28

eukaryotic organelle bounded by a double membrane containing the genetic material

Front 29

organelles

Back 29

functionally and structurally distinct parts of the cell

Front 30

pilli

Back 30

extensions in bacteria used for attachment to surfaces or sexual reproduction

Front 31

plasmid

Back 31

small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium or protozoan

Front 32

plasmodesma plasmodesmata

Back 32

narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

Front 33

porin

Back 33

proteins whose molecules can form channels large enough to allow the passage of small ions and molecules through cellular membranes

Front 34

prokaryote

Back 34

microscopic single-celled organism that lacks a distinct nucleus with a membrane or other specialized organelles

Front 35

resolution

Back 35

the smallest distance between two points on a specimen that can be distinguished as two separate entities

Front 36

ribosomes

Back 36

minute particle of RNA and associated proteins that bind mRNA and tRNA to synthesize proteins

Front 37

stage micrometer

Back 37

graduated slide used on a microscope stage for measuring the size of an object or calibrating an eyepiece graticule

Front 38

tonoplast

Back 38

membrane that bounds the chief vacuole of a plant cell

Front 39

ultrastructure

Back 39

detailed structure of the cell revealed by the electron microscope