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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gamete
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Sperm and egg cells; have half the number of chromosomes found in other cells; they are haploid cells
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Egg Cell
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Gamete from the mother
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Sperm Cell
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Gamete from the father
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Fertilization
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The fusion of the sperm and egg
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Zygote
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Single cell with the sperm and egg cell
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Sexual Reproduction
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The fusion of gametes to form a new individual
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Asexual Reproduction
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Without sex
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Diploid
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This means the cells have a set of chromosomes from mom and dad; diploid number of chromosomes in humans is 46
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Haploid
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Haploid number of chromosomes in humans is 23; one
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Somatic Cells
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Body cells that cannot produce gametes (sperm & egg cells)
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Germ (germ-line) Cells
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Diploids that have the ability to produce haploid cells
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Synapsis
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The homologous pairs line up together and their chromatids become interwined
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Crossing Over
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Introduces variation because it recombines the genetic information from an individual's parents in new ways; this means you can produce an egg cell, the genes from your mom and dad will be mixed together in unique ways
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Allele
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A form of a gene, such as brown or blue eyes
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Independent Assortment
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Your mom and dad's chromosomes are mixed in new ways to form gametes with completely new combinations each time
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Random Orientation
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Same as independent Assortment; results in a number of possible outcomes
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The Advantages of Variation
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Mutation is a change in the sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA
Crossing over introduces variation because it recombines the genetic information from an individual's parents in new ways Independent Assort because your mom and dad's chromosomes are mixed in new ways to form gametes with completely new combinations each time |
