Bio - Ch.3

Front 1

why is carbon so important?

Back 1

has 4 electrons, enabling it from many bonds and shapes
chains, branches, rings

Front 2

organic vs. inorganic

Back 2

organic: carbon skeleton and contain hydrogen atoms
inorganic: CO2 and all atoms w/o carbon like water

Front 3

what do functional groups do for molecules?

Back 3

allow organic molecules to be more likely to participate in chemical rxns because groups are less stable than carbon based ones

Front 4

what is modular approach?

Back 4

building polymers by using small organic molecules like sugar as subunits to make longer molecules

Front 5

monomers vs. polymers

Back 5

mono: one subunit
poly: long chains of monomers

Front 6

monomers + monomers --> poly

Back 6

dehydration synthesis

Front 7

poly --> mono + mono

Back 7

hydrolysis

Front 8

3 elements found in carbs

Back 8

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Front 9

2 subtypes of carbs.

Back 9

monosaccharides: energy source
disaccharides: transport energy
polysaccharides: energy storage

Front 10

simple vs. complex

Back 10

simple: mono and di (sugar)
complex: poly (starches)

Front 11

examples of monosaccharides

Back 11

fructose and ribose (RNA)

Front 12

examples of disaccharides

Back 12

sucrose and lactose

Front 13

examples of polysaccharides

Back 13

starches, glycogen, cellulose

Front 14

are carbs polor or nonpolor?
hydrophobic or hydrophillic?

Back 14

polor and hydrophillic

Front 15

diabetes mellitus

Back 15

cant control glucose levels

Front 16

common elements of lipids.
phospholipids

Back 16

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
phospho: nitroten and phosphorus too

Front 17

are lipids polor/nonpolar?
hydrophobic/hydrophillic

Back 17

nonpolor, hydrophillic

Front 18

oils, fats, waxes

Back 18

unsaturated, saturated, trans fats
C,H,O
long term energy storage, water proofing, structures

Front 19

phospholipids

Back 19

C,H,O,P,N
hydrophilic head w/ hydrophobic tails
make up plasma membrane

Front 20

steriods

Back 20

four rings of carbon fused together w/ various function groups
base for making hormose/part of cell membrane

Front 21

saturated fat vs. unsaturated

Back 21

sat: saturated w/ H molecules, solid
unsat: double bonds of carbon, not so many H's, liqued

Front 22

trans fat

Back 22

oil --> solid
breaking bonds and adding H

Front 23

calorie count of fat to carb

Back 23

fat: 9.3 cals/gram
carb: 4.2 cals/gram

Front 24

common elements of proteins

Back 24

C,H,O,N

Front 25

what are the subunits of proteins?

Back 25

amino acids

Front 26

functions of proteins

Back 26

making enzymes
structure (hair/nails)
energy (albumin)
transporters (hemoglobin)
antibodies
hormones
poisens

Front 27

4 structural levels of proteins

Back 27

1st: sequence of amino acids
2nd: polypeptide chains/helix/sheet
tertiary: 3 dimensional, determine final config, sometimes disulfide bridges
4th: polypeptides link together, hold heme, can bind to oxygen

Front 28

final shape of protein

Back 28

determines its function

Front 29

common elements of proteins

Back 29

C,H,O,N

Front 30

what are the subunits of proteins?

Back 30

amino acids

Front 31

functions of proteins

Back 31

making enzymes
structure (hair/nails)
energy (albumin)
transporters (hemoglobin)
antibodies
hormones
poisens

Front 32

2 structural levels of proteins

Back 32

1st: sequence of amino acids
2nd: polypeptide chains/helix/sheet
tertiary: 3 dimensional, determine final config, sometimes disulfide bridges
4th: polypeptides link together, hold heme, can bind to oxygen

Front 33

final shape of protein

Back 33

determines its function

Front 34

common elements of nucleic acids?

Back 34

C,H,O,N,P

Front 35

what are the subunits of nucleic acids?

Back 35

nucleotides - ribose or deoxyribose

Front 36

3 part structure of nucleotides

Back 36

five carbon sugar, ribose or deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen containing base

Front 37

function of deoxyribose acid

Back 37

spell out genetic info needed to construct proteins of each organism

Front 38

function of ribosnucleic acid

Back 38

carry DNA's genetic code into cells cytoplasm and direct synthesis of proteins

Front 39

function of ATP

Back 39

carry energy stroed in bonds between phosphate groups from place to place in cell, then release it to drive reactions elsewhere

Front 40

coenzymes

Back 40

nucleotide + vitamin
assist enzymes in promoting and guiding reactions

Front 41

how is ATP diff from DNA or RNA?

Back 41

ATP contains additional phosphate groups