Bio 151 Ch 3 & 4

Front 1

cytosol

Back 1

site of metabolic pathways

Front 2

centrosome

Back 2

animal cell

where microtubules grow & centrioles are found

Front 3

smooth ER

Back 3

detoxification and lipid production

Front 4

golgi

Back 4

site of modification sorting and secretion of lipids and proteins

Front 5

3 big plant cell differences

Back 5

1. vacuole: storage and regulation of cell volume
2. chloroplast: photosynthesis
3. cell wall

Front 6

pili

Back 6

hairlike

attach to surfaces and other bacteria

Front 7

nucleic acids

Back 7

macromolecule

storage expression and transmission of genetic info

DNA stores genetic info encoded in sequences of nucleic monomers

RNA decodes DNA into instructions for linking specific sequences of amino acids

Front 8

nucleoid region

Back 8

bacteria cell

site where DNA is found

Front 9

cytoplasm

Back 9

site of metabolism

Front 10

nuclear pore

Back 10

passageway in/out of nucleus

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

where genetic info is stored and expressed

Front 12

glycocalyx

Back 12

slimy covering of bacterial cell

Front 13

flagella

Back 13

bacterial cell

tail like

allows swimming

Front 14

polymers

Back 14

large molecule made up of chains or rings of linked monomers

Front 15

glycogen

Back 15

polysaccharide that's the principal storage for of glucose

Front 16

hydrolysis

Back 16

breaks polymers into monomers

water added

Front 17

cell wall

Back 17

provides support and protection

Front 18

nucleolus

Back 18

small spherical structure

ribosome subunit assembly

Front 19

nuclear envelope

Back 19

double membrane enclosing nucleus

Front 20

condensation/dehydration

Back 20

links monomers to form polymers

water lost

Front 21

sulfahydral group

Back 21

(-SH)

Front 22

plasma membrane

Back 22

controls movement of substances in/out of cell

Front 23

ribosome

Back 23

site of protein synthesis

Front 24

chromatin

Back 24

complex of proteins and dna

Front 25

endosymbiotic theory

Back 25

chloroplast and mitochondria

cell ate another cell and it became function part

Front 26

rough ER

Back 26

site of protein sorting and secretion

Front 27

lipids

Back 27

macromolecule

include fats, phospholipids, steroids and waxes

non polar and insoluble in water

Front 28

triglycerides

Back 28

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Front 29

polysaccharides

Back 29

many monosaccharides linked to form long polymers

e.g. starch, glycogen

Front 30

catabolism

Back 30

breaking down of molecules into smaller components

Front 31

anabolism

Back 31

building up

synthesis of cellular molecules and macromolecules

Front 32

isomers

Back 32

molecules with identical molecular formula but different structures and characteristics

Front 33

organic molecules

Back 33

composed of carbon hydrogen and oxygen

abundant in living organisms

Front 34

lysosomes

Back 34

garbage collectors

macromolecule degrade

Front 35

starch

Back 35

polysaccharide produced by plants as an energy store

Front 36

saturated

Back 36

all carbons linked by single bond

solid and room temp

Front 37

peroxisome

Back 37

hydrogen peroxide broken down

Front 38

proteins

Back 38

macromolecules

building blocks are amino acids (monomers)

20 different amino acids with identical structure and variable side chain

Front 39

polypeptides

Back 39

polymers of amino acids

joined by dehydration

proteins formed from one or more of these

Front 40

mitochondria

Back 40

ATP synthesis

Front 41

nucleotide

Back 41

1. phosphate group
2. sugar dna or rna
3. base

monomer

Front 42

binary fission

Back 42

asexual reproduction

Front 43

carbohydrates

Back 43

macromolecule

composed of hydrogen carbon and oxygen

Cn(H2O)n

sugars eg glucose

Front 44

cytoskeleton

Back 44

protein filaments provide shape and aid in movement

Front 45

cell theory

Back 45

1. all living things composed of one or more cells
2. smallest units of life
3. new cells come from pre-existing cells

Front 46

steroids

Back 46

insoluble in water

cholesterol and sex hormones

Front 47

phospholipids

Back 47

glycerol 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

amphipathic.. phosphate head is polar and hydrophilic and lipid tail is non polar and hydrophobic

Front 48

sulfate group

Back 48

(-SO4)

Front 49

dna vs rna

Back 49

dna.. thyamine, double stranded helix, 1 form

rna.. uracil, single strand, several forms

Front 50

carboxyl group

Back 50

(-COOH)

Front 51

hydroxyl group

Back 51

OH

Front 52

quaternary structure

Back 52

2 or more polypeptides bind together to form functional proteins

Front 53

tertiary structure

Back 53

secondary structures and random coiled regions fold into 3D shape

Front 54

secondary structure

Back 54

hydrogen bonds cause region to fold into spiral helix or pleated sheet

Front 55

primary structure

Back 55

linear sequence of amino acids

Front 56

carbonyl group

Back 56

(-CO)

Front 57

prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Back 57

pro.. simple cells, no nucleus

eu.. more complex cells, dna enclosed within membrane bound nucleus, organelles

Front 58

amino group

Back 58

NH2

Front 59

methyl group

Back 59

(-CH3)

Front 60

unsaturated

Back 60

one or more double bonds

liquid at room temp