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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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the sequence of events that takes place between two successive mitotic divisions
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eukaryote
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An organism that has a nuclear membrane surrounding the genetic material and has other membrane bound organelles in the cytoplasm
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prokaryote
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an organism without a nucleus
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molecule
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a structure composed of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
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interphase
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the period of time in the cell cycle between mitotic divisions
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cytoskeleton
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a system of protein microfilaments and microtubules that allows a cell to have a characteristic shape.
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organelle
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a cytoplasmic structure that has a specialized function.
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endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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A system of cytoplasmic membranes arranged into sheets and channels that functions in synthesizing and transporting gene products.
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mitosis
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form of cell division that produces two cells, each of which has the same complement of chromosomes as the parent cell
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lysosomes
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membrane-enclosed organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
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mitochondria
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membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplam of all eukaryotic cells that are the sites of energy production within cells.
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nucleus
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the membrane-bounded organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the chromosomes.
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cytokinesis
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the process of cytoplasmic division that accompanies cell division
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nucleolus
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a nuclear region that functions in the synthesis of ribosomes
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acrocentric chromosome
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a chromosome whose centromere is placed closer to one end than the other.
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chromatin
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the component material of chromosomes. Visable as clumps of threads in nuclei under a microscope.
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prophase
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a stage in mitosis during which the chromosomes become visable and split longitudinally except at the centromere
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sex chromosome
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in humans, the X and Y chromosomes that are involved in sex determination
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chromosomes
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the threadlike structures in the nucleus that carry genetic information
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gene
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the fundamental unit of heredity
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autosomes
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chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
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homologues
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members of a chromosomal pair
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chromatid
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one of the strands of a duplicated chromosome, joined by a single centromere to its sister chromatid
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submetacentric chromosome
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a chromosome whose centromere is placed closer to one end than the other
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diploid
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the condition in which each chromosome is represented twice as a member of a homologous pair.
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haploid
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the condition in which each chromosome is represented once in an unpaired condition
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zygote
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the diploid cell resulting from the union of a make haploid gamete and a female haploid gemete.
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sister chromatids
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2 chromatids joined by a common centromere. Each chromatid carries identical genetic information
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centromere
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a region of a chromosome to which fibers attach during cell division. The location of a centromere gives a chromosome its characteristic shape.
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metacentric chromosome
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a chromosome that has a centrally placed centromere
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metaphase
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a stage in mitosis during which the chromosomes move and become arranged near the middle of the cell
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metaphase
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a stage in mitosis during which the chromosomes move and become arranged near the middle of the cell
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telophase
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the last stage in mitosis during which the division of the cytoplasm occurs, the chromosomes of the daughter dells disperse, and the nucleus re-forms
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