Bio Ch. 3, 4 & 5

Front 1

Biomolecules

Back 1

four classes of organic molecules ( carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) in living things.

Front 2

organic

Back 2

contains carbon or hydrocarbons

Front 3

Table 3.1 on page 38 inorganic vs organic

Front 4

Functional groups:

Back 4

1. Hydroxyl (R-OH) - attached to sugars it will form either alcohol (in plants) or lactic acid (in animals)

2. Carboxyl (R-COOH) - acid end of an amino acid

3. Amino ( R-NH^2) - front part of an amino acid

4. Phosphate (R-PO^4) - forms the backbone of a nucleotide; when present in lipids it changes the polarity.

Front 5

Amphipathic molecules

Back 5

are both hydrophilic (polar) and hydrophobic (nonpolar); Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.

Front 6

Isomers

Back 6

Have identical molecular (chemical) formulas but different arrangements of atoms (structural formulas)

ex. glucose, fructose, and galactose (C6H12O6); maltose, sucrose and lactose (C12H22O11)

Front 7

Macromolecules (polymers)

CHECK STUDY GUIDE (CH 3 P.1)

Front 8

Dehydration synthesis

Back 8

removing water to get monomers to form polymers

Front 9

hydrolysis

Back 9

adding water to breakdown polymers into monomers

Front 10

carbs are an immediate energy source

SEE STUDY GUIDE (CH. 3 P.1)

Front 11

fatty acids can be:

Back 11

saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated

Front 12

saturated fats have

Back 12

single covalent bonds and are harder to break down than unsaturated fats

Front 13

unsaturated fats have

Back 13

at least one double covalent bond in the carbon chain. the double covalent bond is the "weak" link in the chain, which makes it easier for the body to break down.

Front 14

polyunsaturated fats have

Back 14

three or more covalent bonds in their carbon chains

Front 15

trans fats

Back 15

unsaturated fats that are reinforced at points across from one another. when unsaturated fats are hydrogenated it changes their structure and makes them similar to saturated fats.

Front 16

animal fats are

Back 16

saturated

Front 17

plant fast are

Back 17

unsaturated, polyunsaturated

Front 18

triglycerides

Back 18

contain glycerol & three fatty acids

Front 19

phospholipids

Back 19

contain glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group.

Front 20

waxes

Back 20

contain glycerol & one fatty acid plus a hydroxyl group (R-OH). waxes are a solid at room temp because they have a high melting point.

Front 21

steroids include

Back 21

sex hormones and cholesterol.

Front 22

cholesterol is

Back 22

wholly embedded in the bilayer of the cell membrane and helps modify the fluidity of the membrane over a range of temperatures.

Front 23

SEE STUDY GUIDE FOR PROTEIN (CH.3 P 3)

AND REST OF STUDY GUIDE

Back 23

.