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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell cycle
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Intracellular activity between one cell division to the next
-enlargement, reproduction |
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Asexual reproduction
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Reproduction from a single parent
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Interphase
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"in between," cells doing what they're supposed to do
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4 phases of cell division
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Prophase,Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase & Cykinesis
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Mitosis
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Mechanism of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
-used in the reproduction of unicellular organisms -used in growth of fertilized egg into adult -used in cloning and stem cell research |
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Meiotic division occurs in
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the testes and ovaries
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How is DNA kept in nucleus for easy manipulation?
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Coiled/condensed
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Nucleosome
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DNA wrapped around histone proteins
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Chromosome
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coils gathered onto protein scaffold
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Centromere
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region where chromosome can attach to a sister chromatid
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Allele
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A slightly different form of the same gene
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Telemere
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the "cap of the spool of thread" of a chromosome, the end part
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Karyotype
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Stained chromosomes
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Humans have ___ chromosomes
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22 chromosomes
1 sex chromosome (23 total if including sex chromosomes) |
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Homologous chromosome
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-Every chromosome in a non-reproductive cell has a “partner”
-Contain the same kinds of genes and have the same size, shape, and banding pattern |
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A karyotype showing two chromosomes for each pair comes from ...
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..a diploid (meaning “double”) cell
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Cells with only one chromosome “per pair” are ..
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..haploid (containing half the diploid number)
-Meiosis (in sexual reproduction) produces haploid cells from one diploid cell |
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Interphase
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-When the cell is doing what cells do
-Chromatin is spread out for easy reading |
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Early prophase
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-Chromosomes start condensing rapidly, wrapping themselves around histones
-Microtubules begin to form spindles |
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Late prophase
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-Chromosomes are in sister pairs
-Centrioles migrated to poles |
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Metaphase
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-Chromosomes are lined up
-Microtubules in spindle formation, stretched by the centrioles -Cell is larger and undefined |
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Anaphase
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-Spindle formation is pulled apart
-Connected spindle fibers pull in their relative chromatids -"free" spindle fibers |
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Telophase
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-Chromosomes extend and break up a bit in order to make new proteins (immediately clones have of itself to be diploid)
-Nuclear envelope re-forming |
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Asexual reproduction by mitosis produces
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genetically identical offspring
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Sexual reproduction by meiosis :
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shuffles the genes to produce genetically unique offspring
-evolutionary advantageous |
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Mutation gives rise to new:
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alleles
-alternate gene forms that may produce differences in structure or function |
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Meiosis I
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-Separates homologous chromosomes into two haploid daughter nuclei
-2 (not identical) cells are formed |
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Meiosis II
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-Each gamete (sister chromatids) creates two haploid cells, total of four haploid cells
-All 4 are dfifferent/unique |
