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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is genetics |
Scientific study of heredity |
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Who was Gregor mendel and what made him important |
He was a scientist who used peas to show genetics and dominate genes |
Describe his experiments |
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Define the filal symbols |
P is parental genetics F1 is first filial or generation F2 is second filial or generation |
P F1 F2 |
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What is a trait |
Trait is specific characteristics that vary from individual to another |
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What is a gene |
Gene is a sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
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What is an allele |
One of a number of different forms of genes |
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Principal of dominance? What is meant by dominate and recessive |
Principal of dominance states that some alleles are dominate and others are recessive. It means that one is more likely to accrue that the other |
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What happens during segregation? |
Separation of alleles during gamete formula |
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What are gametes? How can tall person create tall and short gametes? |
Sex cells. Because each F1 produces 2 types of gametes, those with alleles for shortness and those with alleles for tallness |
TT/tt |
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What is probability |
Likelihood that a certain event will occur |
Tt |
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What do Punnett squares show you and what do they not show you |
They show you possible gene combinations and can be used to predict and compare the genetic variations that will result in a cross |
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Homozygous |
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait |
Spotted chicken |
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Heterozygous |
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
Red rose and white rose make pink rose |
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Define genotype and phenotype |
Genotype- genetic information/ makeup Phenotype- physical characteristics |
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Independent assortment |
Independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes |
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Incomplete dominance |
Situation in which one allele is not completely dominate of the other allele |
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Codominance |
Birthed alleles are dominate |
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What is a polygenic trait |
Traits controlled by more that one gene |
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Why is Meiosis necessary |
Because it insures that during sexual reproduction that all produced organisms have the correct # of chromosomes |
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Diploid? Haploid? If human has 23 pairs of chromosomes in every muscle cell of its body how many chromosomes will be in a human egg or sperm? |
Diploid- containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent Haploid-having a single set of unpaired chromosomes It would have 23 chromosomes in a sperm or egg |
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Chromotaid? Tetrad? |
Chromotaid- one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome Tetrad- structure containing 4 chromotaids that form during meiosis |
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What is crossing over |
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange of crossing over results in the exchange of alleles between homologous and produces new combinations of alleles |
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How is meiosis different in males and females |
For males a sperm is formed in the male meiosis process and for women an egg is formed in the female meiosis process |
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Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis |
The difference is mitosis results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells where meiosis results in 4 different haploid cells |
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What goes into meiosis and what comes out |
1 diploid cell goes in and 4 haploid cells come out |
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