Bio B Tau - Plant Diversity 1 (Less.17)

Front 1

charophyceans

Back 1

closest relatives of land plants. Kind of green alga.

Front 2

sporopollenin

Back 2

The polymer sporopollenin makes the walls of plant spores tough and resistant to harsh environments. This chemical adaptation enables spores to bedispersed through dry air without harm.

Front 3

what are some benefits of the plants leaving the water and moving onto the land?

Back 3

-bright sunlight unfiltered by water and plankton

-atmosphere had an abundance of CO2

-soil was rich in nutrients

-and initially few predators such as herbivores.

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embryophytes

Back 4

The multicellular,dependent embryo of land plants is such asignificant derived trait that land plants are also known as embryophytes

Front 5

five key traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are absent from the charophyceans?

Back 5

-apical meristems
-alternation of generations
-walled spores in sporangia
-multicellular sporangia
-multicellular, dependent, embryos

Front 6

define sporangia and its purpose

Back 6

sporangia produces the spores and also protects and holds them until they are ready for release.

Front 7

what does gamatangia do?

Back 7

produces gametes within multicellular organs

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archegonia

Back 8

the female sex organ in land plant

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apical meristems

Back 9

מריסטמה קודקודית

localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots.

Front 10

what are some similarities between vascular and nonvascular plants?

Back 10

multicellular embryos
apical meristems

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protonema

Back 11

A mass of green, branched, one-cell thickfilaments produced by germinating mossspores.

Front 12

gametophore

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The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte

Front 13

what are two reasons that mosses cant grow very tall?

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such thin body parts could not support a tall plant.

also, lack of a vascular system could not support a large plant because then they could not pass water and nutrients throughout.

Front 14

rhizoids

Back 14

long, tubular single cells in nonvascular plants, that act like roots in vascular plants.

Front 15

how do bryophytes differ from other plants?

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nonvascular plants because they do not have intensive transport system.

their life cyles are dominated by gametophytes instead of sporophytes.

Front 16

in vascular plants, the sporophytes are not depended on the gametophytes. what advantages does this provide?

Back 16

it made it possible yo have more complex bodies with multiple sporangia.

Front 17

main traits that characterize all living vascular plants.

Back 17

-dominant sporophytes
-transport in vascular tissues called xylem and phloem
-presence of roots
-presence of leaves, such as the sporophylls.

Front 18

xylem

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conducts most of the water and minerals.

Front 19

what are tracheids

Back 19

found on the xylem, and they are tube shaped cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots.
these are usually dead cells, their cell walls make up the tubing for the water being carried.

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phloem

Back 20

sugar-conducting cells that distribute sugars, amino acids and other organic products.

Front 21

microphylls

Back 21

leaveswith a single vein

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megaphylls

Back 22

leaves with a highly branched vascular system. almost all vascular plants have them.

Front 23

sporophylls.

Back 23

modified leaves bearing sporangia.

Front 24

what is homosporous and who usually has it?

Back 24

most seedless vascular plants have it.
they have one type of sporphyll making bisexual gametphytes, like in ferns.

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heterosprous

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Heterospory is the production of spores of two different sizes and sexes by the sporophytes of land plants.

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megaspores

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Also called: macrospore. the larger of the two types of spore produced by some spore-bearing plants, which develops into the female gametophyte

Front 27

microspores.

Back 27

microsporangia in microsporophylls create microspores.

Microspores are land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes, whereas megaspores develop into female gametophytes .

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antheridia

Back 28

the male sex organ

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lignin

Back 29

The water-conducting cells (xylem) in vascular plantsare lignified; that means, their cell walls are strengthened by the polymer lignin.

Front 30

Cuticle

Back 30

Most epidermis cells of the aerial parts of vascular plants and some bryophytes are covered by a film of soluble and polymerized lipids ,collectively called the cuticle.

Front 31

peristome

Back 31

tooth-like structures on the upper part ofa moss capsule (sporangium), often specializedfor gradual spore discharge.

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seta

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The elongated stalk (גבעול) of a bryophyte sporophyte.

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sporocytes

Back 33

Diploid cells called sporocytes undergo meiosis to generate haploidspores.

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Ferns life cycle

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Front 35

Gymnosperms life cycle

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