Bio

Front 1

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 1

-stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce hormones

-pituitary

Front 2

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Back 2

-Stimulates the thyroid

-Pituitary

Front 3

Human Growth hormone

Back 3

-hormone that promotes bone/cell growth

-Pituitary
-too much after puberty can cause acromegly, enlarged facial features

Front 4

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Back 4

-stimulates ovaries and testes, produces sex cells
-pituitary

Front 5

Luteinizing hormone

Back 5

-causes ovulation and development of corpus luteum
-pituitary

Front 6

Prolactin

Back 6

-production of breast milk
-pituitary

Front 7

Oxytocin

Back 7

-causes uterine contractions and stimulates breast milk production
-Pituitary

Front 8

Thyroxin

Back 8

-increase metabolic rate
-Thyroid

Front 9

Calcitonin

Back 9

-Lowers blood calcium by storing it in the bones
-Thyroid

Front 10

Parathormone

Back 10

-increases blood calcium by releasing calcium from the bones
-parathyroid

Front 11

Insulin

Back 11

-lowers blood sugars
-Pancreas

Front 12

Glucagon

Back 12

-increases blood sugar
-Pancreas

Front 13

Melatonin

Back 13

-biorhyththym, sleep cycle
-Pineal gland

Front 14

Epinephrine

Back 14

-causes fight or flight response through the medulla
-Adrenal gland

Front 15

Cortisol

Back 15

-Increases lipid breakdown
-Adrenal gland

Front 16

Estrogen

Back 16

-activates the development of female secondary sex hormones
-Pituitary

Front 17

Progesterone

Back 17

-stimulates the uterus for pregnancy

-Pituitary

Front 18

Testosterone

Back 18

-stimulates development of male secondary sex cells
-Pituitary

Front 19

Diabetes

Back 19

when the body doesn't produce enough insulin to function

Front 20

Goiter

Back 20

caused by a lack of iodine, a mass that appears on the thyroid making it hard to breathe

Front 21

Hypothyroidism

Back 21

Not enough thyroxin is produced causing tiredness and a constant feeling of being cold

Front 22

Hyperglycemia

Back 22

When the levels of glucose in the bloodstream is too high

Front 23

Homeostasis

Back 23

an internal balance maintained through a series of checks and adjustments

Front 24

Negative Feedback loop

Back 24

occurs when a change is detected and action is taken to bring it back within normal limits

Front 25

Positive Feedback loop

Back 25

where a small change is detected and amplified

Front 26

Temporal lobe

Back 26

Lobe responsible for hearing and speech interpretation, located on the lower front

Front 27

Occipital lobe

Back 27

Lobe that interprets the things we see, located on the back

Front 28

Frontal lobe

Back 28

Lobe that makes decisions about information received and behavioral lobe, located on the upper front

Front 29

Parietal lobe

Back 29

Lobe that regulates sensory information, located on the upper back

Front 30

Medulla Oblongata

Back 30

responsible for vital body functions, also the information crossroads. Small round part in front of the spinal cord.

Front 31

Cerebellum

Back 31

Responsible for muscle coordination and balance. Round part behind spinal cord.

Front 32

Pons

Back 32

Responsible for message transmission. Large round part above medulla.

Front 33

Midbrain

Back 33

Relay for sight and sound, small patch above the pons and below the thalamus.

Front 34

Hypothalamus

Back 34

controls the autonomic nervous system and the internal organs of the body. Small lump in the center of the brain.

Front 35

Thalamus

Back 35

forms a sensory relay center on the way to the cerebrum, controls level of consciousness, middle of the brain

Front 36

Meninges

Back 36

Protective membranes surrounding the brain. Dura, Pia, Arachnoid.

Front 37

Reflex arc

Back 37

Receptor, sensory nerve, association nerve, motor nerve, effector

Front 38

Reaction

Back 38

action in response to an interpretation by the brain to a stimulus, when the brain realizes whats happening

Front 39

Reflex

Back 39

action that is taken at the spinal cord level, automatic response to move away

Front 40

Gyrus

Back 40

Bumps on the brain

Front 41

Neurotransmitter

Back 41

a chemical released by a nerve cell which transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve

Front 42

Corpus callosum

Back 42

A bundle of nerves in the brain

Front 43

All or none response

Back 43

when a neuron reacts completely or not at all

Front 44

Neurilemma

Back 44

a thin sheath around a nerve axon

Front 45

Depolarization

Back 45

when sodium ions begin to flood into a nerve through the openings

Front 46

Repolarization

Back 46

the openings begin to close off, no longer allowing sodium to pass through

Front 47

Cerebrum

Back 47

responsible for voluntary movement and thoughts

Front 48

Utricle

Back 48

structure in the ear responsible for head position

Front 49

Rods

Back 49

Responsible for the detection of light in the eye

Front 50

Lacrimal

Back 50

structure that floods the eye to clear it on any foreign substances

Front 51

Choroid

Back 51

responsible for absorbing excess light in the eye

Front 52

myopia

Back 52

near-sightedness, the eye is too long.

Front 53

hyperopia

Back 53

Far sightedness, eye focuses light on the back of the retina

Front 54

cones

Back 54

Help detect colors in the eye

Front 55

Tapetum

Back 55

Colorful layer in the animal eye that helps make it easier to see in the dark.

Front 56

Pinna

Back 56

amplifies sound by funneling it from a large area to a narrow one

Front 57

Auditory canal

Back 57

carries sound waves to the tympanic membrane

Front 58

eustachian tube

Back 58

air filed tube of the middle ear that equalizes pressure

Front 59

tinnitus

Back 59

ringing in the ears that could be either acute or chronic. Normally caused by infection

Front 60

conjunctivitis

Back 60

infection of the conjuctiva, pink-eye

Front 61

Utricle/Saccule

Back 61

helps maintain balance. on the floor of the utricle is a small patch of hair cells, when the head is tilted they're stimulated by a jelly like fluid

Front 62

Semicircular canals

Back 62

three canals that help maintain balance, when the head moves, theres a liquid throughout these canals that moves and are detected. Up/down, sideways, around.

Front 63

Iris

Back 63

regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Front 64

Vitreous humour

Back 64

maintains the shape of the eyeball and permits light transmission to the retina

Front 65

Nucleic acids

Back 65

Thymine, Nitrogen Base, Nucleotide, Phosphate Group, Adenine, Double Helix, Ribose, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Front 66

Lipids

Back 66

Oils, Cell Membranes, Saturated, Waxes, Synthesized Hormones, Storage of Energy, Fats, Glycerol, Waterproofing, Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Tryglycerides, Sterols, Atherosclerosis, Unsaturated, Insoluble, LDL, HDL, Fatty Acids

Front 67

Proteins

Back 67

Amino Acids, Peptide Bonds, Quaternary, Denature, Collagen, Fibrin, Ribosomes, Structural Components, Enzymes, Coagulation, Linear, R group, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Keratin

Front 68

Carbohydrates

Back 68

Isomers, Saccarides, -ose, Storage of Energy, Sugars, 1:2:1

Front 69

Covalent bonding

Back 69

when electrons are shared between atoms to achieve stability

Front 70

Isotopes

Back 70

an atom with a different number of neutrons than most of the atoms of the same tipe

Front 71

Cellulose

Back 71

the type of carbohydrate the body uses for roughage or fiber

Front 72

animals store their energy as:

Back 72

glycogen

Front 73

Monosacchride

Back 73

simple sugars

Front 74

Hemoglobin

Back 74

protein that carries oxygen through the blood

Front 75

Enzymes

Back 75

protein that speeds up metabolic rates in the body

Front 76

Antibodies

Back 76

protein that helps the body fight against diseases

Front 77

A sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base make up a:

Back 77

Nucleotide

Front 78

difference between DNA & RNA

Back 78

1. Contains ribose

2. Single stranded

3. Contains uracil

Front 79

why is RNA needed to act as the messenger?

Back 79

Because the DNA is too large to leave the nucleus through its pores

Front 80

Hydrogenation

Back 80

when hydrogen molecules are used to saturate organic compounds

Front 81

Dehydration synthesis vs. hydrolysis

Back 81

bonds are formed through the removal of water vs. bonds are broken through the addition of water

Front 82

Purine vs Pyrimidine

Back 82

2 rings in their structure vs. only one ring in their structure

Front 83

Denature vs Coagulation

Back 83

proteins or nucleic acids are temporarily deformed vs. permanently deformed

Front 84

Back 84

Protein chain

Front 85

Back 85

Nucleotide

Front 86

Transcription

Back 86

The process of producing mRNA from DNA is called

Front 87

6CO2+ 12H2O+Sun= C6H1206+6O2+6H2O

Back 87

Photosynthesis

Front 88

Light dependant

Back 88

a water molecule is split and the oxygen is released into the air. The hydrogen goes into the carbon fixation phase

Front 89

Carbon fixation

Back 89

the hydrogen and energy stored from the first stage combine with carbon to produce glucose

Front 90

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+Energy

Back 90

Cellular respiration

Front 91

Glycolysis

Back 91

when glucose is broken down into two pyruvic acid molecules without the presence of oxygen

Front 92

Catalyst

Back 92

substance capable of speeding up a chemical reaction

Front 93

Substrate

Back 93

an ion attaching to an enzyme

Front 94

Active site

Back 94

the site where the lock and key process occurs, where the substrate and the enzyme join

Front 95

Induced fit

Back 95

when a substrate changes shape to properly fit an enzyme