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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Griffith
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Bacterial Transformation
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Hershey and Chase
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DNA carries genetic information, not protein
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Watson and Crick
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Figured out that double helix system in April 1953
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Nucleotides
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The building blocks of nucleic acids
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DNA Bases
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Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
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Purines
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Any of a group of organic compounds containing two fused rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms
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Complementary Base Pairs
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Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
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Chromatin
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the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division
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DNA Replication
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When one DNA strand is copied to form another of the EXACT same
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DNA Polymerase
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An enzyme that assembles new DNA by copying an existing strand
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DNA VS. RNA
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RNA has Uracil and DNA has Thymine
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RNA
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M-RNA
r-RNA t-RNA |
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Transcription
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the process by which genetic information on a strand of DNA is used to synthesize a strand of complementary RNA
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Translation
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the process by which a messenger RNA molecule specifies the linear sequence of amino acids on a ribosome for protein synthesis
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RNA Polymerase
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an enzyme that synthesizes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during transcription
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Roles of Proteins in a Cell
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-help to carry out chamical reaction
- pump small molecules in and out of cells -are responsible for the ability of cells to move -are source of raw materials and cell's energy |
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Gene
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the basic physical unit of heredity
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Codon
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A group of three bases on the DNA molecule. Each codon determines the identity of one amino acid in proteins made by the cell
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Anticodon
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A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in tRNA designating a specific amino acid that binds to a corresponding codon in mRNA during protein synthesis
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Mutations
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an individual, species, or the like, resulting from such a departure
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Frame Shift Mutations
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A mutation in a DNA chain that occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted is not a multiple of three, so that every codon beyond the point of insertion or deletion is read incorrectly during translation
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Deletion
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Loss, as from mutation, of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome
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Insertion
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The addition, as by mutation, of one or more nucleotides to a chromosome
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Point Mutation
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a change in a single base in a nucleotide sequence
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