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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a species |
a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring |
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what is a gene pool |
all alleles present in a population |
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what is the relative frequency of an allele |
the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool |
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define evolution |
change in an allele frequencies within a population over time |
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a ____ is a group of individuals of the same species that share a gene pool interbreed |
population |
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____ are the raw material for evolutionary change |
mutations |
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when does genetic shuffling take place |
during meiosis |
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allele frequencies in a population or gene pool will remain constant in each succeeding generation when five conditions are met. this is called ____ ____ |
genetic equilibrium |
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when the conditions of the hardy-weisenberg principle are not met the population will _____. the population must ___ ___ |
evolve, sexually produce |
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1st condition of G.E. |
random mating |
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2nd condition of G.E |
large population |
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3rd condition of G.E |
no movement or gene flow |
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4th condition of G.E |
no mutations |
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5th condition of G.E |
no natural selection |
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evolution takes place due to ____ mating |
nonrandom |
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nonrandom mating decreases the population for _____ |
heterozygotes |
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nonrandom mating increases the frequency of ____ abnormalities in a phenotype |
recessive |
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another type of nonrandom mating is when individuals mate with those who have similar ____ |
phenotype |
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define genetic drift and give an example |
random changes in allele frequencies due to chance.EX. Many individuals are killed due to a disease that only attacks those with blue eyes, causing blue eyes to become rarer in the area |
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in the ____ ____ rare alleles occur at a higher frequency in a population that is isolated from the general population. |
pounder effect |
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define speciation |
splitting of one species into two or more new species |
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___ ____ is the movement of alleles between interbreeding populations. this is due to ____ |
gene flow, migration |
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what is the advantage of diversity within a species |
increases the chance that some organisms will survive major changes in the environment |
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natural selection acts on the ___ ____ and can only affect which individuals ____ or ___ |
entire organisms, live, die |
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if an individual lives and reproduces, its ___ will continue in the gene pool |
alleles |
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when does directional selection take place, give an example |
if the extreme phenotype is favored, ex. body size of horse over time |
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when does stabilizing selection take place give an example |
intermediate phenotype is favored, both weight gives a better chance of survival |
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when does disruptive selection take place give an example |
two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over the intermediate phenotypes. Ex. birds feed on snails with dark colored shells |
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define speciation |
splitting of one species into two or more species |
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describe an isolating mechanism |
geographical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation |
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define geographical isolation give an example |
origin of a new species when populations are geographically separated. Ex. species of salamanders are separated by mountain ranges |
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describe temporal solution |
species reproduce at different times |
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describe behavioral isolation and give example |
species are capable of breeding but have differences in courtship rituals. Ex. meadowlarks have different mating songs |
