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119 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Right Heart
-deoxygenated blood through tricuspid into right ventricle into pulmonary semilunar valve
Left Heart
-oxygenated blood through bicuspid valve into left ventricle through aortic semilunar valve to body
systole
active
ventricle contract
lubb sound
diastole
resting phase
blood into atria
dupp sound
SA valve
sinoatrial valve
upper right atria
initiates impulse
talks to AV valve
AV valve
atriaventricular valve
right artia
conducts pulse through both ventricals
arteris
carry blood away from heart
veins
carry blood to heart
blood capilaries
gas and nutrient exchange
arteriosclerisis
hardening of arteries
atherosclerosis
plaques prohibit normal blood flow
phlebitis
imflamation of veins
aneurysm
dialation of blood vessel
stroke
rupturing or blood clot forms
hypertension
high blood pressure
arrythemias
abnormal rhythm
Components of blood
plasma
cells
plasma
91% water
serum- fluid left after clotting
erythocytes
red blood cells
leukocytes
white blood cells
thrombocytes
clotting forms
cells formed
bone marrow
hemopoiesus
RBC
biconcave
hemoglobin iron and oxygen
4 polypeptide chain and heme group
anemia
low RBC count
oxygen carrying capacity of RBC lowered
oxygen taken to mitochondria
cyanosis
impaired oxygenation
anoxia
disruption of blood flow
polycythemia
too many RBC higher pressure and clots form
heme ring broken into
bilirubin
WBC
granualocytes
Agranualocytes
Granualocytes
Neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
neutrophils
cellular police
kill antigens
diapedesis: WBC move out of cappilary
chemotaxis: follow chemicals
eosinophils
increase in number during allergic reaction
basophils
secrete histamine
B lymphocytes
produce antibodies
help with passive and active immunity
apotosis
programmed cell death
T lymphocytes
touch kill
helper/supressor/memory T cells
monocytes
follow neutrophils out of capillaries
thrombocytes
diskcs 2-4 micrometers
from bone marrow
Lymphatic vessels
drainage, delivery, disposal
thinner and more valves
Lymph nodes
clean fluid
cytotoxic t cells destroy invaders
spleen
cleans blood
holding station for lymphocytes
Thymus gland
T cells
T lymphocytes
lymph is moved by
tissue fluid pressure
edema
old age
parasites
ascites
climbers
nose
air conditioning- moistens and warms
smelling
paranasal cavities
sinusus lighten skull
condition air
resonating chambers
nasopharynx
upper part of the throat
slits called eustachain tubes
adenoids
larynx
made of hyaline cartilige
epiglottis
speech sounds
Trachea
C's of cartilage
thrunk of the repiratory tree
Bronchi
big branches
cartilage decreases smooth muscle increases
tubes more numerous
tuber smaller
alveioli
sacs site of diffusion of gases
oxygen moves through blood capillary to RBC
structure of alveoli
Type 1
Type 2
Dust celll
Type 1 alveolar cells
moist thin
Type 2 alveolar cells
secrete surfactant
dust cells
eat dust and foreign materials
normal inspiration
active process
muscles contract
diaphragm
external intercostal muscles
ambient air
21% oxygen
.04% carbon dioxide
normal expiration
passive process
alveolar air
16% oxygen
4% carbon dioxide
forced expiration
active process, internal muscles contract
nervous system
short term
endocrine system
slower, long responses
pituitary gland
master gland
Anterior
growth hormone
prolactin
posterior
antidiuretic- water from urine
oxytocin- contract smooth muscle
Thyroid gland
stimulate cells metabolism
raise body temp
parathyroid gland
4
small
posterior of thyroid gland
regulates blood calcium
adrenal glands
cortex
medulla
cortex
long term
secretes cortisol-antiswelling
generates new glucose
gluconeogenesis
secretes aldosterone-blood pressure(k and NA)
medulla
short term response to stress
adrenalin and nonadrenalin
pancreas
digestine enzymes into small intestine
islets of langerhans-alpha and beta
alpha
secretes glucagon raies glucose
beta
secretes insulin
lowers blood gluclose
thymus
secretes thymosins
cytotoxic and helper t cells
pineal gland
secretes melatonin
biological clocks
responsive to daylight
prevents maturation of gonads
GI tract hormones
gastrin-stomach
secretin and cholecystokinin from duodenum
central nervous system
brain
spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
cranial nerves
spinal nerves
cellular components
conduction of electrochemical impluses
unable to divide
neuroglia and neurilemma
dont carry impluses
specialized to support neurons
sensory neurons
receiving stimuli
connector neurons
complex functional chains called circuits
motor neurons
receive impulses
somatic-innervate voluntary muscles
visceral- innervate involuntary muscles
components of nerve
dendrite sensory neurons
axons motor neurons
neuroglia
neural glue
astrocytes- transfer of nutrients
oligodendrocytes- insulative physical support
microglia
macrophages engulf and dispose of dead cells
neurilemma
Schwann cells
electrochemical impulse
membrane depolarized when NA+ ions move inside
repolarized when K+ move out
back to resting position when Na+ and K+ change places
synapse
neuron almost touches another
see page 31 for more info
external ear
air filled
auricle
external auditory canal
tympanic membrane
middle ear
air filled
chain of malleus, incus, stapes
hammer anvil sturrip
magnify vibrations
Eustchian tube equalizes air pressure
inner ear
fluid filled
contains cochlea
hair cells on basilar membrane
low pitches deep high pitches not
send impulses to brain
static body balance
utricle- little bag
saccule- small sac
shearing actionon hairs generates impulses
position relative to ground
otoliths
ear stones
dynamic body balance
rotational equilibrium
3 semicircular canals
when fluid moves changes direction
balancing rapid movement
rotating head movements
orbit
eyes
fat
4 straight muscles
2 oblique muscles
optic nerve
eyeball
conjuctiva
scalera-white of eye, tough wall
cornea-transparent window
choroid- black vascular layer under scalera
iris
pupil
ciliary body
lens
layers of cells
held in place by sensory ligaments
ciliary muscles contract-eyestrain, muscles relax, far vision
posterior cavity
filled with jelly-like vitreous humor
retina
rods- dim light
cones- bright lights and colors
glaucoma
optic disc pressed out of orbit
myopia
eyeball too long
correct with concave lens
hyperopia
eye ball too short
correct with convex lens
presbyopia
lens hardens and resists accommodation
astigmatism
one or both cornea w uneven curvature
chemoreceptors
respond to chemical substances
gustation (taste)
taste buds
molecules dissolve in mucus
olfactions
located in roof of nasal cavities
olfactory nerve fibers carry impulses to brain
pheramones
women have period at same time
touch receptors
tactile discs in epidermis
corpuscles of touch
root hair perplexes
pressure receptors
mammary glands
external genitalia
thermoreceptors
more for cold than hot, near skins surface
nociceptors
pain receptors
proprioceptive receptors
sense of limb placement
cranial bones
frontal-1
parietals-2
temporals-2
occipitals-1
vertebrae
scoliosis-lateral
kyphosis- humpback
lordosis- swayback
meninges
dura mater- tough mother
arachnoid- spider layer
pia mater- delicate mother
blood brain barrier
quickly diffuse through lipid bilayer of plasma membrane