Bio 311D Test #2

Front 1

1) ___years ago, the Earth formed
2) life originated____
3) the first living cells were ___
4) ___led to the evolution and to the ancestor of the Archaebacteria and Eukaryotes

Back 1

1) 4 billion years ago
2) more than 3.8 billion years ago
3) prokaryotes
4) divergence

Front 2

What are the 5 eras in the history of life?

Back 2

The history of life spans five intervals of geologic time
1) The Archean Era
2) The Proterozoic Era
3) The Paleozoic Era
4) The Mesozoic Era
5) The Cenozoic Era

Front 3

What is the most important event in each era?
1) The Archean Era
2) The Proterozoic Era
3) The Paleozoic Era
4) The Mesozoic Era
5) The Cenozoic Era

Back 3

1) oxygen-reproducing cells
2) the first EUKARYOTES appear
3) the occupation of the land; the PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION (caused by volcanic eruptions)
4) the age of reptiles; the CRETACEOUS MASS EXTINCTION (caused by large meteor)
5) the age of mammals

Front 4

The history of life spans __ intervals of geologic time: (not in order)
1) the age of reptiles
2) the age of mammals
3) the first eukaryotes appear
4) the occupation of the land
5) oxygen-reproducing cells appear

Back 4

5 intervals of geologic time
1) the mesozoic era
2) the cenozoic era
3) the proterozoic era
4) the paleozoic era
5) the archean era

Front 5

1) The Permian mass extinction was caused by ___ in the __era
2) The Cretaceous mass extinction was caused by __to make ___in the ___era

Back 5

1) enormous volcanic erruptions; paleozoic era
2) a large meteor; dramatic climate changes; the mesozoic era

Front 6

What is characteristics of animals?
1) they are ___
2) their cells___
3) ___tissue-unique to animals
4) they are ___-eat__
5) ___respiration
6) most animals reproduce __-with the __stage usually dominating the life cycle
7) __-life cycle

Back 6

1) muticellular eukaryotes
2) lack cell walls
3) nervous & muscle tissue
4) heterotrophs; eat other foods
5) aerobic (oxygen)
6) sexually; diploid
7) motile

Front 7

Animals can be characterized by ____:

**name the types of symmetry/examples

Back 7

"body plans"

1) asymmetry (e.g. sponge)
2) radial symmetry (e.g. hydras, jellyfishes)
3) bilaterally symmetric (e.g. human)

Front 8

Bilaterally symmetric (e.g. human)
1) top side (__)
2) bottom side (__)
3) __/__side
4) __/__side
5) ____

Back 8

1) dorsal
2) ventral
3) left/right
4) head/tail
5) cephalization

Front 9

1) Fate of the ___(the opening of the embryo)
2) In the ___, the __gives rise to the anus
3) In the ___, the mouth arises from the ___

Back 9

1) blastopore
2) deuterostomes; blastopore
3) protostomes; blastopore

Front 10

People use _1_ and _2_ to know what kinds of organisms lived in which era

Back 10

1) fossil record
2) radiocarbon dating

Front 11

1) The permian mass extinction took place in the __era and killed most __organisms so ___became dominant
2) The cretaceous mass extinction kill most ___, so___became dominant

Back 11

1) paleozoic era; marine; reptiles
2) reptiles; mammals

Front 12

Another way to classify animals is to see the fate of the ___

Back 12

blastopore

Front 13

1) a basic structural and functional unit

Back 13

1) cells

Front 14

*Name the types of tissues

Back 14

1) epithelial tissue
2) connective tissue
3) nerve tissue
4) muscle tissue

Front 15

Tissues and their function
1) epithelial tissue (__)
2) connective tissue (__)
3) muscle tissue (__)
4) nerve tissue (__)

Back 15

1) protection, gland
2) support & energy storage
3) movement
4) regulate body activities

Front 16

Tissue functions:
1) has neurons (receive and send electrical signals); regulate body activities
2) protection & gland
3) movement; has 3 types of cells
4) support & energy storage; e.g. tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and blood

Back 16

1) nerve tissue
2) epithelial tissue
3) muscle tissue
4) connective tissue

Front 17

What are different levels of biological components in a living organism??

Back 17

1) cell
2) tissue
3) organ
4) organ system
5) organism

Front 18

1) an organ = ___
2) an organ system = ____

Back 18

1) 2 or more tissues work together (e.g. skin)
2) 2 or more organs work for a common function

Front 19

e.g. tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood

Back 19

connective tissue

Front 20

Muscle tissue consists of what types of cells:
1) voluntary control
2) involuntary control; internal organs
3) involuntary control; heart

Back 20

1) skeletal cell
2) smooth cell
3) cardiac cell

Front 21

Homeostasis (e.g. _1_,_2_,_3_)

Back 21

1) body temperature
2) blood pH
3) blood pressure

Front 22

Metabolic rate: __1__&_2__

Back 22

1) endotherm
2) ectotherm

Front 23

1) warm-blooded animals (e.g.__); __rate
2) cold-blooded animals (e.g.__); __rate

Back 23

1) endotherm; human; basal metabolic rate (BMR)
2) ectotherm; snake; standard metabolic rate (SMR)

Front 24

the amount of energy consumed at rest in a temperate environment

Back 24

metabolic rate (endotherm & ectotherm)

Front 25

Body size increases-->surface area__1__-->metabolic rate per gram__2__

Back 25

1) decreases
2) decreases

Front 26

Homeostasis depends on ___:
1)
2)

Back 26

feedback circuits
1) negative feedback
2) positive feedback

Front 27

1) reduces effects caused by external changes
2) it amplifies effects caused by external changes

Back 27

1) negative feedback
2) positive feedback

Front 28

1) e.g. uterine contraction
2) e.g. sweat and more bloods on surface keep 37 degree celsius body temperature in a hot environment

Back 28

1) positive feedback
2) negative feedback

Front 29

It helps to maintain stability in a system in spite of external changes

Back 29

negative feedback

Front 30

Which nutrients are burned for energy generation?

Back 30

Source of energy:
1) carbohydrates
2) fats
3) proteins

Front 31

Source of ENERGY:
1) coming-in __
2) store__
3) __
4) ___in___
5) ___in ___

Back 31

1) carbohydrates
2) carbohydrates
3) fat
4) proteins in muscle
5) proteins in brain

Front 32

Source of nutrient for GROWTH and METABOLISM:

Back 32

1) lipids
2) proteins
3) minerals
4) vitamins

Front 33

Three different types of nourishment?

Back 33

1) overnourishment
2) malnourishment
3) undernourishment

Front 34

1) the long-term ABSENCE from the diet of one or more ESSENTIAL nutrients
2) the result of a diet that consistently supplies MORE chemical energy than the body required
3) the result of a diet that consistently supplies LESS chemical energy than the body required

Back 34

1) malnourishment
2) overnourishment
3) undernourishment

Front 35

1) we can't synthesize (make) it on our own

Back 35

1) essential nutrients

Front 36

What are the essential nutrients?

Back 36

1) amino acids
2) fatty acids
3) vitamins
4) minerals

Front 37

What are the essential amino acids?

Back 37

1) M,V,P (Met, Val, Phe)
2) L,I,T (Leu, IIe, Thr)
3) T,L (Trp, Lys)
4) H (His)--only in infants

Front 38

1) __AAs for adults
2) __AAs for infants

Back 38

1) 8
2) 9 (also includes His, which is not found in adults)

Front 39

What are the essential fatty acids?

Back 39

1) unsaturated (e.g. linoleic acid)

Front 40

What are the essential vitamins?

Back 40

1) Vitamin K: blood clotting
2) Vitamin C: collagen synthesis (doesn't improve the immune system)
3) Vitamin B5: Component of coenzyme A

Front 41

What are the essential minerals?

Back 41

1) molybdenum (Mo)
2) Enzyme cofactor

Front 42

What are 2 different digestive systems? Examples for each?

Back 42

1) incomplete system-flat worm
2) complete system-earthworm & grasshopper

Front 43

What does the digestive cavity look like in each system?

Back 43

1) incomplete system-one opening
2) complete system- two openings

Front 44

How do these organisms transport nutrients?
1) flatworm
2) earthworm
3) grasshopper

Back 44

1) incomplete system--by diffusion
2) complete system--by circulatory system
3) complete system--by circulatory system

Front 45

1st labeling question: what are the four chambers in the cow's digestive system?

Back 45

Mouth (chew)
1) rumen
2) reticulum (microorganisms break down cellulose-rich meal)
mouth (re-chew)
3) omasum (water remove)
4) abomasum (cow's own enzymes do digestion)

Front 46

The cow has what type of digestive system?

Back 46

Ruminant digestive system

Front 47

Which structures were adapted to food in animals?
1) carnivore
2) herbivore
3) omnivore

Back 47

1) carnivore- only eats meat; animal tissue easy to digest
2) herbivore-only eats plants; larger small intestine and larger stomach
3) omnivore-eats both plants and animals

Front 48

Which structures were adapted to food in animals (dental adaptations)?

Back 48

1) carnivore- have sharp canines, incisors

Front 49

1) How many organs in the human digestive system?

Back 49

1) 8 organs

Front 50

Name the organs of the human digestive system:

Back 50

1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) liver
5) pancreas
6) small intestine
7) large intestine
8) anus

Front 51

The organs of the human digestive system functions:
1) everything is blended with digestive juices. __kills bacteria. __break down proteins
2) muscles, in a process called __, push the food down into your stomach
3) solid waste passes from the __in order to leave your body
4) food is mixed with __from your liver and juices from your ___to be sent back to your __for more processing
5) a green liquid called ___, which is stored here, is secreted to ___
6) when food is chewed, __starts digesting___
7) many kinds of digestive enzymes are made here
8) indigestible food and water are processed, stored and dispersed

Back 51

1) stomach; Hydrochloric acid; enzymes
2) esophagus; peristalsis
3) anus; rectum
4) small intestine; bile; pancreas; liver
5) liver; bile; break down fats
6) mouth; saliva; carbohydrates
7) pancreas
8) large intestine

Front 52

What is the order of organs food goes through in human digestive system?

Back 52

1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) liver (4.1 = gallbladder)
5) pancreas
6) small intestine
7) large intestine
8) anus

Front 53

Which organs of the digestive system secrete enzymes? Name the enzyme and organ.

Back 53

1) mouth- salivary gland/salivary amylase
2) stomach- pepsin
3) liver-bile salt (gall-bladder = bile salt storage)
4) pancreas- amylase, nuclease, trypsin

Front 54

Which nutrient is digested by which enzyme?
1) mouth
digestion
2) liver, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Back 54

1) salivary gland/salivary amylase= polysaccharides, proteins, fats, DNA/RNA
2) amylase, nuclease, trypsin = monosaccharides, amino acid, glycerol fatty acid and monoglycerides, nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphates

Front 55

What is the organ function in the digestive system?
1) mouth
2) esophagus
3) stomach
6) small intestine
7) large intestine

Back 55

1) break down
2) move food to stomach
3) break down
6) duodenum (first 25 cm)
7) absorbs water; waste prepared for elimination

Front 56

What is the pH value in stomach and small intestine (duodenum)?

Back 56

1) stomach pH = 2.0
2) small intestine (duodenum) = 7 (neutral)

Front 57

What is the suitable enzyme for the stomach and small intestine?

Back 57

1) stomach = pepsin
2) small intestine = suitable enzymes from pancreas (amylase, nuclease, and trypsin)

Front 58

Human digestive System: Stomach
1) function
2) ___juice
3) __ (pH __)
4) kill __
5) suitable enzyme: ___
6) has ___

Back 58

1) break down
2) gastric
3) HCl; 2.0
4) bacteria
5) pepsin
6) acid chyme

Front 59

Human digestive System: Small intestine
1) first 25cm
2) is ___/___environment (b/c __from__)
3) suitable enzymes: ___
4) involved in ___; with ___: ___&___
5) __transport (many nutrients except __&__)
6) fats-->___(___)-->___->___

Back 59

1) duodenum
2) neutral; alkaline; bicarbonate; pancreas
3) from pancreas (amylase, nuclease, trypsin)
4) absorption; lining; villi; microvilli
5) active; fructose; fatty acid
6) chylomicrons (water soluble); lymphatic system; blood vein