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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Taxon |
A Taxonomic group at any level |
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-phyta |
Ending for plant phyla |
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-opsida |
Ending for plant class |
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-ales |
Ending for plant orders |
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-aceae |
Ending for plant families |
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Taxonomy |
Identification, classification, & naming of organisms |
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Systematics |
Identification, classification, & naming of organisms as well as its evolutionary history |
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Theophrastus |
"Father of Botany" Greek 1st person to write down a classification in a permanent & logical form He used gross morphological characteristics |
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Carl Linnaeus |
Swedish 1753 He published "Species Plantarum" (The Kinds of Plants) Beginning of ALL scientific plant names |
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Binomial Nomenclature |
Latin 2 words make up a species name |
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Authority |
The person who publishes the new name first |
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Who's Authority is L. |
Carl Linnaeus |
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I.P.N.I. Stands for |
International Plant Names Index |
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The International Botanical Congress meets every ______ to vote on name changes |
6 years |
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I.C.B.N is published by whom |
International Botanical Congress |
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What are the rules of naming plants |
All new names must be PUBLISHED 1st to name the plant gets priority All names must have a description in Latin Type specimen must be designated |
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Type Specimen |
Usually a dried, pressed plant or preserved animal that is reresentative of a species |
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Where are Type specimens archived |
Museums or Herbarium |
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Where is the larges collection of type specimens and how many do they have? |
Paris, France 8.8 Million |
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Meristems |
Cells that retain potential to divide |
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Primary Growth |
Herbacecous From apical moisten (No wood) |
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Secondary growth |
From lateral meristems Wood |
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What are the 3 primary meristems made by the Apical Meristem |
Protoderm (Dermal) Ground meristem (ground) Procambium (Vascular) |
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What is the functions of Dermal tissue |
Protection & gas exchange |
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What is the functions of Ground Tissue |
Photosynthesis, storage, & support |
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What is the functions of Vascular tissue |
Water & sugar transport Support & storage |
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Parenchyma |
Living, thin walls Photosynthetic cells & food storage cells |
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Collenchyma |
Living, uneven thick walls Elastic support for stem & leaves |
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Sclerenchyma |
Dead at maturity, evenly thick walls (look completely empty) |
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What are the 2 types of Sclerenchyma |
Sclerids Fibers |
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Where do tree rings happen |
In areas where tree experience hot/cold & dry/wet seasons |
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Apples are native to _____ |
Kazakhstan |
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In the early 1800 in America what we're Apple's used for; and why |
Apple cider bc they did not trust the water to drink. Very few were grown to eat bc most were bitter |
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In the time of Jonny Appleseed why were fruit trees important |
Settlers needed to plant fruits so they could show that they were going to settle on the land. This is how the Settelers were able to keep the land. |
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At the time of prohibition how did Apple farmers rebrand apples |
An apple a day keeps the doctor away They marketed them for eating |
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Vascular cambium |
Lateral meristem Can result in wood |
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Vascular tissue in roots and stems |
Vascular cylinder or vascular bundles |
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Vascular tissue in leaves |
Veins |
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Xylem |
Dead at maturity Transports water & minerals |
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Apoptosis |
Programmed cell death |
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Pholem |
Sugar transport |
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Where is Dermal Tissue found |
In the epidermis of the roots, stem, & leaves |
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Stomata |
Pores for gas exchange |
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Guard cells |
Surround the stoma Form in pairs They can open to allow Carbon Dioxide in Can close to regulate water loss |
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Trichomes |
"Hairs" on the surface |
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Cork cambium |
Capable of producing the lateral meristem (Part of the bark) |
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Cuticle in the epidermis do what |
Form a continuous layer on the outside |
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What do you call Trichomes on the roots |
Root Hairs |
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What are the 3 main functions of a root |
Anchorage Storage Conduction (transportation) |
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Primary root |
First root to emerge from the embryo |
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Taproot |
The one that goes the deepest Can be the first root |
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Adventitous roots |
Primary routes in short-lived new Roots develop from the bottom of the stem Monocots Fibrous roots |
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Root cap |
Made of parenchyma Tip of root |
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Mycigel |
Root lubricant Secreted by the root cap |
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What are the 3 major regions of a root |
Region of cell division Region of elongation Region of maturation |
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What is a major function of root hairs |
Increase surface area for absorption |
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True or false ground meristem produces the cortex |
True |
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Amyloplast |
Organell that stores starch Think chloroplast without green pigment |
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Plasmodes mata |
Numerous cell conects ?other? |
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Apoplectic movement |
Substances that can move through the air space and the cell walls (In the cortex) |
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Symplastic movement |
Substances can move through the cytoplasm & plasmodesmata (In the cortex) |
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Casparian strip |
It stops water Surrounds each cell and a band of ligands and suberin Location: cortex (Think empty green boxs with rubber bands around them) |
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True or false a Apoplectic movement is passive |
True So plants can NOT control it |
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Prop root |
Support especially in wet or windy habitats |
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What is another name for air roots |
Pneumatophores They stick up out of the water |
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Symbiosis |
A relationship where both organisms benefit |
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In the relationship of fungus on plant roots what do each get out of it |
Plans get an increase uptake and water minerals Fungus gets sugars provided by the plants |
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What are the main functions of a stem |
Support & conduction |
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What is the main function of leaves |
Photosynthesis |
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Nodes |
Where 1 or more leaves arise |
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Internodes |
The area between nodes |
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Apical meristems are produced by ______ |
The overlapping of leaves |
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True or false shoots have pericycle |
False |
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What do leaf primordia become |
Leaves |
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What do Bud primordia become |
Lateral shoots |
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What is primordial |
A word given to the structure that is in its earliest stage of differentiation |
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True or false Bud scales and leave scars look the same on all plants |
False They differ from species to species and can be used to help identify plants |
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What are bundle scars |
Dots in the leaf scar where are vascular bundles were attached |
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What are Lenticels on Woody stems |
Openings for gas exchange (replace the stomata) |
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True or false in shoots dicots have piths |
True |
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True or false in shoes monocots have piths |
Fales |
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Vascular bundles are also known as |
Fascicles |
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Interfacicdar regions |
Regions between the bundles |
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Cuticle in Tilia (Basswood) are |
Layers of wax or fat |
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What do you call a compound leaf with no rechis |
Plamately compound leaf |
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What do you call a compound leaf with rachis |
Pinnately compound leaf |
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A leaf with only 1 bundle is called |
Simple leaf |
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What are the 3 basic parts of a leaf |
Blade, peticle, & stipule |
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True or false in a Barrel Cactus the stem is where photosynthesis occurs |
True |
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True or false spines are leaves |
True They are used for defense |
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In compound leaves what is the area called from the node to the rachis (Black section in photo) |
Petiole |
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In compound leaves what is the area where the leaves Branch off from called (Circled in red in the photo) |
Rachis |
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How to you tell if it is a simple or compound leaf |
Buds are in the axile of a leaf Leaflets do not buds |
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What do to call it when there is 1 leaf per node |
Alternote leaves |
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What do you call it when there are 2 leads per node |
Opposite leaves |
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What do you call it when there are 3 leads per node |
Whorled leaves |
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Leaf trace |
Vascular tissue extending from the vascular cylinder |
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Leaf trace gap |
The gap in the vascular tissue caused by leaf trace |
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Where is the spongy parenchyma on horizontal leaves |
The bottom (the lower surface) |
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True or false the Palisade parerichyma has more chloroplasts than the spongy parerichyma on horizontal leaves |
True This is bc the Palisade parerichyma gets more sunlight than the spongy parerichyma |
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Mid rib |
Main vein in leaves |
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Where can the epidermis be on a leaf |
It can be on 1 or both sides |
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Mesophytes |
Plants with "medium" water needs (Usually with more stomata on lower surface) |
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Hydrophytes |
Plants requiring lots of water ?other? |
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Xerophytes |
Plants adapted to avid habitats (Dessert plants have more stomata, often sunken) |
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What is the arrow pointing to (root) |
Cortex |
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What is the arrow pointing to (root) |
Cortex |
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What is the arrow pointing to (root) |
Pith |
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What is the arrow pointing to (root) |
Ground Tissue You cannot identify whether there is a cortex or pith in this example |
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What is the red arrow pointing to |
Stipule |
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Not done |
Need to get labels |
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What are the arrows pointing to |
Dermal tissue |
