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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 Characteristics held in common between Chimps and early humans, such as Austrapopithicus afarensis.
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1)lower face projects beyond eye
2)large canine teeth 3)long arms relative to legs 4)small brain |
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Approximately, when did the first homoinin forms appear that are indistinguishable from modern humans in their skeletal characteristics? W/W H. sapiens?
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170 kya
120-130 kya in East Africa |
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Biologic Species Concept
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process by which species arise and take a prospective view of the future status of population
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Evolution of reproductive barriers - prevented by geographic barrier. Most common geographic mode of speciation.
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Allopatric
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Divergence of a small population from widely distributed ancestral results in this geographic mode of speciation.
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Peripatric
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Evolution of reproductive barriers w/in single, initially random populations. Rarest geographic mode of speciation.
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Sympatric
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Neighboring populations, between which there is modest gene flow, diverge and become reproductively isolated.
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Parapatric
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The comparison between these sister clades suggest that the intensity of sexual selection may be linked to:__________ over long evolutionary timescales.
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Hummingbirds/Swifts
Birds of Paradise/Manucodes rate of speciation |
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Where did Neanderthals live, and when were they replaced by modern humans?
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Europe.
30-40 kya. |
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These 3 forces determine whether lower units of organization will join higher-level cooperative entities.
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Repulsive
Attractive Centifugal |
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The effect on the individuals bearing it plus the effect on other individuals that carry copies is termed this:
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Inclusive Fitness.
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r b > c when r=relationship, b=benefit, and c=cost is an equation that expresses Hamilton's rule, which is defined as:
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An altruistic trait can increase in frequency if the benefit is received by donor relatives, weighed by their relationship, exceeds the cost
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These are five types of cooperation or altruism.
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Apparent: brood parasites
Ind. Adv.: safety in #s Reciprocation: meal sharing Co-op breeding: kin selection Eusociality: hive insects |
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Name, describe, and give an example of the 3 main hypotheses for mechanisms underlying sexual selection by female choice:
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Direct fitness: protection
Sensory Bias: pattern recog. Indirect benefits: "sexy sons" |
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Homo habilis taxon. When it lived, where it lived, adult mass, brain volume
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2.5-1.5 mya
Africa, 30-55 kg, 660cc |
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Homo erectus
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2-.03 mya
Africa/Eurasia 60 kg 850-1100cc |
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Homo neaderthalis
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0.35-.03 mya
Europe, W. Africa 55-70 kg 1200-1700cc |
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Homo sapiens
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0.25 mya-present
worldwide 55-80 kg 1000-1850cc |
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Homo floresiensis
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0.1-.0012 mya
Indonesia 22-5 kg 400cc |
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These two congeneric species of hominins overlapped in space and time, name taxa, region, and time of overlap
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Paranthropis/Homo
africa |
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mtDNA Eve lived at this time, and her significance to human evolution is _______________.
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140 kya
location, and population size through time. |
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Y-chromosome Adam lived at this time, and his significance to human evolution is ___________.
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60-90 kya
don't have to go back as far to find m.r.c.a. |
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These are the 4 major transitions in human evolution
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Arboreal-Terrestrial
Quadrepedal-Bipedal Sm. Brain-Lr. Brain size Civilization |
