Bio 3

Front 1

What is the scientific name for the bowfin, amia calva, a type of fresh water fish?

Back 1

Bowfin amia calva, should be italicized

Front 2

Why are scientific names important to use?

Back 2

allows people throughout the world to communicate about animal species

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list major taxonomy groups from smallest to highest

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species, genus, family, order, class, phyllum, kingdom

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classification of species and groups of organisms

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taxonomy

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relationships and methods used in taxonomic scheme

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systematics

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line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor

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geneology

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the evolution of a group of organisms

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phylogeny

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type of systematic that recognizes a specie by sharing unique traits that was present in their common ancestor

(a phylogenetic tree is used in this type)

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cladistics

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type of systematic that uses biochemical techniquees to compare orgonomic base sequences of a gene between species

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molecular taxonomy

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three domains of life

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eukaryae, archaea, bacteria

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are 2 domains of life closer to each other than the other

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yes, archaea and bacteria and both prokaryotic

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division of a singlee entity into 2 or more parts and the regeneration of these parts

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fission

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direct transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another

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conjugation

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genetic alteration of a cell from the direct incorporation of genetic material from its surroundings

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tansformation

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provides an explanation on how eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells

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endosymbiotic theory

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postulates of endosymbiotic theory

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*prokaryotes lived in other cells

*nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes evolved into plastids (chloroplasts)

*nucleus originated via inpouching of plasma mambrane that surrounded DNA this formed endoplasmic recticulum

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supergroup that has a feeding groove, motified mitochandria, flagella, is photosynthetic, parasites, predators (exp diplomonads, parabasilids, euglenazoans)

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excavata

Front 18

small sacks under plasma membrane

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alveolites

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eukaryote supergroup which is a heterotrophic cell that engulfed a eukaryoticphotosynthetic cell unicellular, have cilia or flagella, alveolites

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chromalveolata

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characteristic flagella (exp diatoms, brown algae)

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stramenopiles

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supergroup that is unicellular with thread like pseudopod and undergoes phagocyytosis

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rhizzaria

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these increase surface area (false feet)

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pseudopods

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to eat cells

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phagocytosis

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supergroup that is lobed or tube shaped pseudopods and is free living and parasitic (exp slime molds)

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ameobozoa

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origin of multicellular organisms

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evolved from prokaryotes

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supergroup that can be uni/multicellular. arrose from a colonial, ancient protist that engulfed a cyonobacteria, nonmobile, has cell wall

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archaplasitida

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what kingdom is archaeplastida

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plantidae

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major group in archaeplastida supergroup that lacks complex vascular tissue, thallus

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non-vascular plants

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group of cells that have a sort of seperation of function

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colonial

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means do not have true leaves, stems or roots

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thallus

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phyla in the nonvascular plants

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chlorophyta, bryophyta

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small damp terrestrial areas, waxy covering, thallus, sperm move through water

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charaacteristics of bryophyta

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stage in plants that is the most obvious, dominant, and longest lived

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gamenophyte stage

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plant stage that grows out and is dependent on the gametophyte stage

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sporophyte stage

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major group of plantidae and has vascular tissue

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vascular plants

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type of plant thats in tropics, moist temperate areas, sperm move in water,, has vascular tissue and cuticle, sporophyte generation

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seedless vascular plants

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group that moves water and minerals absorbed by the roots

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xylem

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group that move products of photosynthesis

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phloem

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type of plant that can withstand harsh enviroments, serves as vehicle of dispersion, diploid, germinates,

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seed producing vascular plants

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enclosed seed, flowering plants,

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angiosperm

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floral organs

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sepals, petals, stamens, pistils

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male reproductive part in flower

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stamens

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female reproductive structure in flower

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pistol

Front 44

male gametes, tube that digests its way through tissue to female gametophyte

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polen grain

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this group is multicellular, has hyphae, cell wall, septa, fruiting structures, heterokaryotic, heterotrophic with external digestion, saprobes

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fungi

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most common type of sexual reprodduction in fungi

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spores

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organisms obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organisms or organic matter

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saprobes

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are fungi involved in symbiotic relationships with other supergroups

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yes fungi has a sybiotic relationship between lichen and cyanobacteria

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vacuum cleaners of the sea, cavity lined with flagellated collar cells, has asymmetrical and radial symmetry

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porifera

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radially symmetrical (sac with single opening surrounded with tentacles), cnidocytes with nematocytes, rudimentary nervous system, muscle like cells (exps hydras, corals, sea anenome, jelly fish)

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cnidaria

Front 51

acoelaomate (no body), turbellarians free living, trematodes, flukes, cystodes tapeworms, can be hemaphroditic or monoecious or dioecious, billaterally symmetrical

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platyhelminthes

Front 52

seperate sexes (2 houses)

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dioescious

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long and thin, mono/diescious, complete digestive tract, external cuticle and body wall, tube w/i a tube body plan, longitudinal muscles, pseudocoelum

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nematoda

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false body cavity, not line with tissue of mesodermal origin

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pseudocoelum

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one of the 3 germ layer that produces various structures and organs

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mesoderm

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has a head region, visceral mass, foot, and mantle, circulatory and digestive systems,coelum, gills, radula

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mullusca

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true body cavity lined with tissue of musodermal origin

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coelom

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tongue like structure out of mouth exchange gases, filter feeding

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radula

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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radial symmetry

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symmetrical arrangement of an organism along a central axis, so that the organism or part can be divided into two equal halves.

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bilateral symmetry

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the absence of symmetry in organisms

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asymmetry

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an invertebrate lacking a coelom; especially : one belonging to the group comprising the flatworms and nemerteans and characterized by bilateral symmetry and a digestive cavity that is the only internal cavity.

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acoelomate

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false body cavity, any of a group of invertebrates with a three-layered body that has a fluid-filled body cavity between the endoderm and the mesoderm (the innermost and middle tissue layers

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pseudocoelomate

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the main body cavity in most multicellular animals and is positioned inside the body to surround and contain the digestive tract and other organs.

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coelomate

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characteristics of protosomes

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egg cleavage is determinant and spiral

mouth arises from blastopore

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zygote has underwent a few divisions and the cell is making up the early embryo are seperated and each cell can only form a partial individual

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egg cleavage is determinant

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the plane of cell division in the embryo is oblique to the longitudinal axis of the embryo and the newly formed cells are smaller than the original cells and the cells forming the embryo have a spiralling pattern

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egg cleavage is spiral

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first opening during embryological development

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blastopore

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characteristics of deuterosomes

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egg cleavage is indetermidate and radial

zygote undergoes mitotic division

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animal phyla that makes up deuterosomes

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chordata, echinodermata,porifera

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animal phyla that makes up protosomes

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anthropoda, annelida, mollusca,nematoda, platyhelminthes, cnidaria

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phylum that includes small number of advanced worm like animals that have some echinoderm and chordate characteristics

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hemichordata

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why are hemichordata important?

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they are the evolutionary link between some early groups of chordates

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subphyla of chordata that is marine, larvae are tadpole like, adults are basketlike, filter feeders

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urochordata

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subphyla of chordata that is marine, larvae and adults are fish like, filter feeders

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cephalochordata

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subphyla of chordata that notocord becomes replaced by cartilage/bone during embryonic development and becomes the vertebral column

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vertebrata

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class that is jawless and sucks material from prey (exp lampreys,hagfishes)

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agnatha

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class that is freshwater bottom dwellers, armor, extinct, have jaws

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placoderms

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class that has jaws cartilaginous endoskeleton, 5-7 gill openings (sharks)

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chondrichythes

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class that are bony fish, freshwater with gills, lungs, and fleshy fins

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ostiechythes

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class that is not totally terrestrial, external fertilization into water,

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amphibia

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cold blooded, not capable of maintianing body heat

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ectothermic

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class with dry scaly skin that evolved from amphibians, more convoluted lungs, 3 chambered heart

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reptilia

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warm blooded, produce own body heat

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endothermic

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class with streamlined body, light fused bones, feathers, homeothermic, 4 chambered heart

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aves

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class that is hairy and nourishes young with milkhas 3 groups: monotremes, marsupials, placentals

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mammalia

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transitional link from fish to amphibians, 375 mya, fishshaped with 4 legs

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Tiktaalik roseae