Bio 3

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Single unit (monomer) of carbohydrates

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Monosaccharides

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Monomer of protein

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amino acids

Front 3

Monomer of nucleic acid

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nucleotides

Front 4

Monomer of lipids

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Fatty acids ( and why not consider)

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Most common organic compound

Humans cannot digest

Responsible for plant cell wall

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Cellulose

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Second most known polysaccharide

Found in fungi and exoskeletons

Manufacture of surgical thread.

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Chitin

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Who discovered cell

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Robert Hooke in 1660

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Less powerful than electron microscope

Can be used to observe without alteration

Generated through color

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Light microscope

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sends a beam of electrons through a very thin slice of a specimen, using a magnetic field to focus the beam.

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Transmission Electron Microscope

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2 types of light microscope

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Compound

Confocal

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Uses 2 or more lenses to focus visible light through microscope

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Compound light microscope

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Enhances resolution by focusing light through lenses

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Confocal microscope

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2 types of electron microscope

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Transmission and Scanning

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contains both carbon and hydrogen.

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organic molecule

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Organic molecules consisting almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen are called

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hydrocarbon

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Organic molecules consisting almost entirely of carbon and hydrogen are called

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hydrocarbon

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is made of monomers that are linked together, just as a train is made of individual railcars.

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polymer

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a protein called an enzyme removes an –OH (hydroxyl group) from one molecule and a hydrogen atom from another, forming H2O and a new covalent bond between the two smaller components

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Dehydration synthesis.

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enzymes use atoms from water to add a hydroxyl group to one molecule and a hydrogen atom to another

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Hydrolysis -break with water

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Many organic molecules are categorized into four main types: -

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carbohydrates - proteins - nucleic acids - lipids

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are the simplest of the four main types of organic compounds, mostly because just a few monomers account for the most common types in cells.

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Carbohydrates

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usually contain five or six carbon atoms

Smallest carbs

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monosaccharides,

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is two monosaccha- rides joined by dehydration synthesis

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disaccharide

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consist of three to 100 monomers. Such a carbohydrate chain sometimes attaches to a protein, forming a glycoprotein

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Oligosaccharides

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chain of monomers called amino acids

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Protein

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forms by dehydration synthesis,

is the covalent bond that links each amino acid to its neighbor

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Peptide bond

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, chains with 100 or more amino acids are

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polypeptides

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unique three-dimensional structure of protein

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Protein Folding

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Loss of function of protein

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Denaturation

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include DNA and RNA. These molecules contain genetic information.

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Nucleic acids

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include DNA and RNA. These molecules contain genetic information.

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Nucleic acids

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The monomers of nucleic acids are .

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nucleotides

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organic compounds with one property in common: they do not dissolve in water.

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Lipids

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forms the majority of cell membranes

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Phospholipids

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long hydrocarbon chains called

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fatty acid

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threecarbon molecule that forms the triglyceride’s backbone. Alt

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Glycerol

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What is triglyceride made of

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Glycerol and fatty acids

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Fatty acids contains all the hydrogens it possibly ca

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Saturated fatty acids

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which are unsaturated fats whose fatty acid tails are straight, not kinked

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Trans fat