Bio 3

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Amine

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an organic compound derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic groups.

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Amino Acid

Back 2

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.

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Carboxyl Group

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Carboxylic acids are polar. Because they are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl -C=O) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl -OH), they also participate in hydrogen bonding. Together the hydroxyl and carbonyl group forms the functional group carboxyl.

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Dehydration Synthesis

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In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction is usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of condensation reactions.

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Disaccharide

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any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.

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Glucerol

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Glycerol is a simple polyol (sugar alcohol) compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Hydrolysis

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the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

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Organic Molecule

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A molecule of the kind normally found in living systems. Organic molecules are usually composed of carbon atoms in rings or long chains, to which are attached other atoms of such elements as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

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Isomers

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each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

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Macromolecule

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a molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer.

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Monomer

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a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

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Monosaccharide

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any of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.

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Nucleotide

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a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.

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Peptide Bond

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A peptide bond (amide bond) is a covalent chemical bond formed between two amino acid molecules.

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Polymer

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a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.

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Polysaccharide

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a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.

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Saturated Fat

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a type of single-bond animal or vegetable fat, as that found in butter, meat, egg yolks, and coconut or palm oil, that in humans tends to increase cholesterol levels in the blood

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Trace Elements

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Elements found in small amounts

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Triglycerides

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an ester formed from glycerol and three fatty acid groups. Triglycerides are the main constituents of natural fats and oils, and high concentrations in the blood indicate an elevated risk of stroke.

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Unsaturated Fats

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A triglyceride fat containing at least one unsaturated fatty acid. Fats derived from plants are often unsaturated fats. Eating foods high in unsaturated fats can reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

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Enzyme

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a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

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Inorganic Compound

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An inorganic compound is a compound that is not considered "organic". Inorganic compounds are traditionally viewed as being synthesized by the agency of geological systems. In contrast, organic compounds are found in biological systems.