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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cellulose cell wall
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structure of cell wall
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thylakoids, granum, stroma
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cholrooplast structure
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membranous sac
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thylakoid
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stacks of thylakoids
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Granum
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internal fluid
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stroma
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after the calvin cycle, the sugars are sent to the mitochondria where ATP is made
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purpose of mitochondria
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-converts light to energy (ATP)
-occurs in the thylakoid membrane |
discuss light reaction
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complex made of proteins, chlorophyll, and carotenoids
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explain Photosystem I and II
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it is used to break water
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what is photsystem I and II used for?
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chloroplast a absorbs light;
make ATP and by-product (O2) |
Photosystem II
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in the stroma; ATP
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where is the calvin cycle carried out and what energy does it use?
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when CO2 (air) is made into organic comounds (sugars) and photosynthesis occurs
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what is the Calvin Cycle?
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Drying out, scarcity fo water, and gravity
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what are the problems that the land causes the plants?
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hydrolysis
store proteins and ions waste dump poisons for defene attracting pollinators |
what are the characteristics of the central vacuole?
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sporopollenin
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tough durable polymer covering spore
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cuticle
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waxy coat on plant
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stomata
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open and close
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seed/pollen
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protective coat
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sporopollenin, cuticle, stomata, seed/pollen, mychorrizae, cell wall and stem
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list the adaptations of plants that make tem so successful
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apical meristems, alternation of generations, walled spores in sporgangia, and gametangia
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what are the 4 traits of all plants?
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region of continuous cell division at tips of shoots
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apical meristems
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have 2 multicellular forms: sporophyte- all diploid
gametophyte- all haploid spore-->gametophye--> gametes (m+f)--> zygote--> sporophyte--> spore |
alternation of generations
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N-->N
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mitosis
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2N-->N
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meiosis
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multi-celled organ in gametophytes that makes gametes
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gametangia
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Antheridia (m)
archegonia (f) |
what are the two types of gametes?
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spore--> protonema (first threads) --> break into male and female gametophyte (archegonia and Antheridia) --> sperm and egg= zygote --> sera grows out of the foot --> sporangia--> spores
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describe the moss life cycle
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spore--> bisexual gametophyte--> archegonia and antheridia--> zygote--> sporophyte grows out--> sporophyll develops--> makes spores
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describe the fern life cycle
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Xylem and Phloem
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what are the 2 vascular tissues?
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moves water and minerals through a tube like structure
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xylem function
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moves sugar, amino acids, and organic products through separated tube `
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phloem function
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tracheids (tubular dead cells) and Lignin (thick strong polymer lining outside)
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structure of xylem
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organs that anchor plants and enable water and nutrients to be absorbed
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roots
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organs that increase surface area
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leaves
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single veined leaves
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microphylls
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branching veins
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megaphylls
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modifies leaves with sporangia
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sporophylls
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sori- cluster of sporangia on bottom of sporophyll
strobili- cone-like structure |
2 parts of sporophylls
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homosporous and heterosporous
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2 types of spore production
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produce one type of spore; bisexual gametophyte; in Bryophytes and seedless plants
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homosporous
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produce different spores: megaspore= female
microspore= male; all seeded plants |
heterosporous
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Heterosporous
Reduced gametophyte Ovules Pollen Seeds |
5 unique characteristics of seeded plants
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Which type of plant has reduced gametophyte
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Seeded
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protective tissue around megasporangium
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Integument
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Makes megaspores
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Megasporangia
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Makes microspores
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Microsporangia
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Becomes the f. Gametophyte and makes the egg
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Megaspore
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Integument, Megasporangium, Megaspore
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Parts of the ovule
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Sporopollenin wall with M. Gametophyte inside that makes the sperm
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Parts of the pollen
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Embryo surrounded by seed coat (Integument from ovule)
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Parts of seed
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No root, stem, leaves, or vascular tissues.
Gametophyte dominant Homosporous |
Bryophytes
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Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
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Bryophytes
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Have root, stem, leaves, and vascular tissues.
No seed Sporophyte dominant Homosporous |
Seedless vascular
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Lycophyta, pterophyta,
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Seedless vascular phylums
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Clubs mosses (have microphylls)
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Phylum Lycophyta: seedless vascular
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Ferns (have megaphylls)
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Phylum Pterophyta: seedless vascular
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Have root, stem, leaves, and vascular tissue.
Have seed Sporophyte dominant Heterosporous |
Seeded plants
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Gymnosperms (naked seed)
Angiosperms (fruits and flowers) |
2 types of seedless plants
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Ginko tree
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Seeded: Gymnosperm: phylum gingkophyta
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Cycad tree
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Seeded: Gymnosperm: phylum cycadophyta
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Conifers (pines)
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Seeded: Gymnosperm: phylum coniferophyta
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Monocots and eudocots
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Angiosperms:phylum anthophyta
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Phylum anthophyta
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Angiosoerms
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Grasses and grains (one cotyledon, parallel venting, fibrous root system, flower parts in 3's)
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Angiosperms: phylum anthophyta: monocots
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Oak, apple, maple (two cotyledon, netlike veneration, taproot system, flower parts in 4s and 5s)
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Angiosperm: phylum anthophyta: eudicots
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