Bio

Front 1

purines

Back 1

large membranes, adenine and guanine

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pyrimidine

Back 2

smaler, cytosine thymine and uracil

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dna

Back 3

provides for own replication, directs rna synthesis, and through rna controls proten synthesis

Front 4

rna

Back 4

controls protein synthesis, nucleic acid, mRNA= messanger, interacts with cell's protein-synthesizing machinery to direct production of polypeptide

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somatic cells

Back 5

46 chromosomes (all other cells)

Front 6

gametes

Back 6

reproductive cells, 23 chrom

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mitosis

Back 7

produce somatic cells, division of nucleus followed by cytokeneisis

Front 8

meiosis

Back 8

produce gametes (daughter cells) in ovaries or testies

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S-phase

Back 9

replicate DNA

Front 10

pleiotropy

Back 10

ability of gene to affect on organism in many ways

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epistasis

Back 11

gene alters phenotype exxpression from 1st locus to 2nd

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polygenic inheritance

Back 12

quantitative variation, an addictive effect of 2 or more genes on single phenotype charactr

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cystic fibrosis

Back 13

mucus buildup, hard to breath, children die before 5, recessive disease have to be homozygous recessive to be carrier

Front 14

sickel cell

Back 14

oxygen content decreases in red blood cells to hcange its form

Front 15

aneuploidy

Back 15

abnormal number of chrom (1-2 diff--> 45 instead of 46)

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hemophelia

Back 16

sexlinked recessive trait, absense of 1 or more protiens required for blood clotting, prolonged bleeding

Front 17

muscular dystrophy

Back 17

sexlinked, males, barely live past 20. weakening of muscles and loss of coordination

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Hershey and Chase

Back 18

DNA is genetic material of phage (t2) which infect EColi. nucleic acides, not proteins, are hereditary material, for at least viruses

Front 19

Chargaff

Back 19

adenine=thymine guanine=cytosine

Front 20

Watson and Crick

Back 20

DNA is helical shape with 2 strands (double helix) found which enzymes paired together (a-t, c-g)

Front 21

Roasalind Frankin

Back 21

x-ray diffraction photo of DNA that helped waston and crick

Front 22

Meselson and Stahl

Back 22

semiconservative model (parent molecule emerges from replication process intact)

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DNA polymerase

Back 23

elongation of new DNA replicatoin fork is catalyzed by enzyme (mechanisM)

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priming in replication

Back 24

primase

Front 25

elongation in replication

Back 25

dna polymerase

Front 26

replacement of RNA primer by dna in replication

Back 26

dna polymerase

Front 27

synthesis of lagging strand starts by priming for okazaki fragment in replication

Back 27

primase

Front 28

elongation of fragment in replication

Back 28

dna polymerase

Front 29

relication of RNA primer by DNA and joining of fragments

Back 29

dna polymerase and ligase

Front 30

differences in meiosis and mitosis

Back 30

theres 2 divisions in meiosis, chromosomes line up differently

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autosomal

Back 31

not sex chromosome (44 autosomes, 2 sex chrom)

Front 32

polyploidy

Back 32

extra SET of chromosomes (instead of 46, you have teiploid-69, or tetraploid-92)

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letters and sugar of DNA

Back 33

A,G,C,T and deoxyribose

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letters and sugar of RNA

Back 34

A,G,C,U and ribose

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semiconservative

Back 35

each new molecule has one origional strand to determine template of new strand

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transcription

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dna-> rna

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translation

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rna-> polypeptide

Front 38

mutation

Back 38

change in gene