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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetics
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Study of gene function from the molecules of DNA to the gene pool of a population
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Cnetral Dogma Of MOL BIO (infromatino Flow)
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DNA>>RNA>>PROTEIN
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Genes
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Functional units of DNA Genetic analysis requires an observable trait that can be monitered
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Allele
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different but related forms of the same gene
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Genotype
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the set of genes an organism inhetits
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Phenotype
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Characteristics of an organism. Can change in their live due to environmental interactions
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Wild type WT
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Genotypic or phenotypic characteristics of NATURAL populations or STANDARD lab strains
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NOT Wild Type
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Variant / Mutant
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Mutation
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the basis of variation, material for evolution
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developmental noise
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random molecular events in a cells developing organism cause phenotype variations
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Geno-pheno TYPE
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genotype determines phenotype however expression of the information in influenced by the evniorment, developmental noise, and other
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genetic Dissection
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Identify a process to study - Isolate mutants that interfere with the process - IDENTFY (CLONE) the WT gene - determine the function of gene products
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centromere
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structure that attached to spindal fibers during MIT and MEI
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Telomere
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chromosome ends
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Chromatin
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DNA and associates necleosomes(histones)
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Euchromatin
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Active DNA (lightly packed, Active transcription)
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Heterochromatin
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inactive DNA (Tightly packaged)
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Chromosome structure
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Human Cell>>6 lillion bp
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FIRST LEVEL OF PACKAGEING
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necleosomes - histones DNA wraps around twice for each one
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SECOND LEVEL OF PACKAGING
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soleniod - coil of necleosomes stabalized by histone H1
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Super Coil
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Held together by a protein scaffold
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DNA Packaging
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DNA > necleosomes > Soleniod > Scaffold > Supercoil
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Gregor Mendel
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quantitative ans systematic study of inheritance
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Dominant
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the phenotype expressed when the in the F1 progeny when 2 different pure breeding line are crossed
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Recessive
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the phenotype coved up by the presence of the dominant phenotype
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HOMOzygous
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both alleles of a gene pairs are the same
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HETEROzygous
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differnt alleles of the same gene pair
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Alleles
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different forms of the same gene
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Autosomes
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all chromosome other than sex chromosomes
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Mendel's First Law (Law of Equal Segregation)
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2 members of gene pair segregate equally, each gamete carries one allele of the gene pair
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Dihybrid Cross- P true breeding >> F1 hetrozygous
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9:3:3:1 Phenotype of F2 Progeny
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