Bio 212: Ch. 41

Front 1

Essential amino acids

Back 1

There are 20 amino acids that we need for our body but there are 8 amino acids that we can't produce so we need to get it from our foods

Front 2

Vitsmins

Back 2

Many functions as coenzyme

Front 3

Minerals

Back 3

Used to build organic structures

Front 4

Electrolytes

Back 4

Used for osmotic balance

Front 5

Incomplete digestive system

Back 5

Gastrovascular cavity, mouth, and pharynx

Front 6

Alimentary Canal

Back 6

Food moves through continuously and there are specialized compartments to store and digest food

Front 7

Oral cavity function

Back 7

Secretes amylase and lipase for chemical digestion and uses teeth for mechanical digestion

Front 8

Esophagus function

Back 8

Transport food from oral cavity to the stomach

Front 9

How does the stomach mix food?

Back 9

waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis

Front 10

What does the first and second sphincter do?

Back 10

First sphincter is the cardiac sphincter which controls when the food enters the stomach. Second sphincter is the pyloric sphincter which opens when food is ready to move to the small intestine.

Front 11

Stomach function

Back 11

stores, mixes, and digests foods, has strong HCl acid which maintains a 2 pH environment. Pepsin works optimally well in this environment to digest proteins.

Front 12

Gizzard

Back 12

found in birds, uses the stones that the bird ingests to grind up the foods

Front 13

Rumen and its other compartments

Back 13

4 chambered stomach that is found in cattle and can digest grass

Front 14

Small Intestine (Duodenum)

Back 14

First section of small intestine is called duodenum. Contains bile and pancreatic enzyme to breakdown food and neutralizes the low pH.

Front 15

Pancreas function

Back 15

releases bicarbonate that goes into the duodenum to neutralize low pH and releases many other digestive enzymes.

Front 16

Liver function

Back 16

produces bile to emulsify lipids and detoxification of absorbed nutrients

Front 17

Gallbladder function

Back 17

stores extra bile

Front 18

Rest of small intestine function

Back 18

nutrient absorption

Front 19

What aids in nutrient absorption of small intestine

Back 19

Lining of small intestine is folded, and folds contains villi, and those villi contains microvilli. All these compartments increases surface area

Front 20

The journey of carbohydrates

Back 20

1. Broken down by amylase in the mouth

2. Travels through esophagus and stomach

3. Arrives at the duodenum and are broken down to simple sugars by pancreatic enzymes

4. Absorbed by the rest of the small intestine as simple sugars

Front 21

The journey of lipids

Back 21

1. Broken down by lipase in the mouth

2. Travels through the esophagus and stomach

3. Arrives at the duodenum and are broken down to fatty acids by bile

4. Absorbed by the rest of the small intestine as fatty acids

Front 22

The journey of proteins

Back 22

1. Travels through mouth and esophagus

2. Arrives at the stomach and are broken down into polypeptides by pepsin

3. Arrives at the duodenum and are broken down into amino acids by trypsin.

4. Absorbed by the rest of the small intestine as amino acids.

Front 23

how does the hepatic portal vein aids in digestion.

Back 23

a vein transporting nutrients and blood through the stomach, pancreas, and intestine. Absorbed nutrients are passed through this vein first and transported to the liver for detoxification and to absorb nutrients further.

Front 24

Large Intestine

Back 24

absorption of water. Stores waste until elimination. Houses a lot of microbes that can break down foods to produce vitamins for us.

Front 25

Cecum

Back 25

pockets of large intestine and site of fermentation but highly reduced in humans.

Front 26

Herbivore cecum

Back 26

has large cecum that houses microbes for fermentation of plant cellulose

Front 27

Coprography

Back 27

feeding on own poop to get more nutrients from food. Since there are no cecum or rumen to digest those foods thoroughly