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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum Anthropoda includes what classes?
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Class Merostomata, Arachnida,Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Malascostraca, Maxillopoda, Branchiopoda, Insecta, and Entognatha
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What are the paired jointed slits of Arthopods called?
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Appendages
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Segments fused into functional groups are called
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tagmata
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What are included in metameric body?
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head, trunk, thorax, abodomen
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Chitinous exoskeleton
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cuticle separated by underlying epidermis containing chitin, protein, lipids, and sometimes calcium salts
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How do Arthropods grow?
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Ecdysis of exoskeleton
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Hemocoel
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is the major cavity body. Contains hemolymph (blood) and consists of dorsal heart, arteries, and sinuses
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Sense organs
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are well developed!
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In Arthopod reproduction, individuals have...
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paired reproductive organs and ducts
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Fertilization is...
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internal and includes a metamorphosis
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Exoskeleton is highly protective but also helps in...
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mobility; it is covered in waxy substance to help prevent water loss.
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Ingrowth of cuticle called apodemes help
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with muscle attachment
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Derivatives of cuticle help arthopods succeed by including
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jaws, biting surfaces, wings, and mating organs
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Terrestrial arthopods usually have tracheal system where...
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piped air comes thru cells and tissues allowing higher metabolic rates.
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Aquatic forms have well developed...
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gills
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Short generation times allow...
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rapid evolutionary adaptation to changing conditions.
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Subphylum Trilobita are...
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extinct bottom dwellers. They are also the official state fossile for WI
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Subphylum Chelicerata aka horny claws have...
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six pairs of appendages, the first of which are called chelicerae that catches and tears prey.
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A second pair of appendages near mouth called...
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pedipalps
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Also usually present are...
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four pairs walking legs but no antenna or mandibles
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Cephalothorax is...
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a body divided; they also have unsegmented abdomen
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Class Merostomata aka Marine horseshoe crabs are in phylum...
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Arthopods; are living fossils who have five pairs of book gills on underside of abdomen.
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Class Merostomata have unsegmented carapace and broad abdomen which end in
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spine like structure called telson that helps animal unflip itself or use as burrow lever.
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Class Merostomata eat...
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molluscs and polychaete worms (with their chelicerae which are small pinchers on fingers)
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Class Merostomata lack jaws but have...
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tooth like projections on proximal ends of first four legs called gnathobases that chew food and transfer it to mouth
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Class Arachnida include spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, etc. with appendages of ...
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anterior pair of chelicerae possessing poison fangs kept in groove
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Pedipals in Arachnidas help with...
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chewing
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Spiders all feed on insects mostly...this is aka...
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predaceous
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When poison is injected, it subdues prey and turns into liquid broths, then sucked up by...
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an expanded pharynx and pumping stomach.
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Respiration in spiders are possible by...
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book lungs (NOT book kidneys) which have parallel air pockets extending into hemocoel and two paris of trachea carrying oxygen from spiracles to blood.
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Malpighian tubules
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excrete wastes and K into stercoral pocket behind rectum. As fluid excretes, rectal glands reabsorb most of K and H20, leaving uric acid, which is good for conserving water.
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Eyes of spiders are...
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not well developed; used to detect motion, but jumping spiders for example have primary eyes with great resolution over a narrow angle.
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Spiders have these that are fine hair like bristles that sense vibrations, air currents, and changes in web tensions...
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sensory setae
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Spiders use spinnerets to create silk for webs that consist of what protein?
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keratins
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Usually spiders have six glands that produce different silk with different functions...
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some are sticky and others are elastic.
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Female spiders encase eggs in silk cocoon while males produce ____ that are deposited in sperm packets.
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sperm webs
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Draglines...
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are used by spiders as safety lines or communication
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Silk balloons make ____ possible because they are transported by wind.
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cosmopolitan transport.
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Reproduction occurs when a drop of semen from sperm web is picked and stored in...
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pedipalps; Male inserts pedipalps into pore leading to female's seminal receptacles.
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Black widow spiders have red spots or hour glass shaped patches on abdomens are aka...
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Italics: Latrodectus spp. ;have powerful neurotoxic venom that affects breathing/nervous system!
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Italics: Loxosceles reclusa has a stripe that is...
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violin shaped and has hemolytic venom causing necrosis (destroys tissue) and even amputations.
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Scorpions have short cephalothorax with appendages and slender abodomen with a ___ at end.
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stinger
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Scorpions capture prey by
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pincer like pedipalps and dispatch stinger.
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Scorpions are ____ or ____ with embryos feeding from digestive tract of mother.
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viviparous, live-bearing; after hatching, juveniles sit on mother's back for a few weeks
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Pseudoscorpions lack...
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stingers and are harmless.
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Ticks and mites have cephalothorax and abdomen but have...
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unsegmented oval body
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Ticks are vectors of diseases such as:
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Rocky Mtn spotted fever, tick fever, lyme disease, and tularemia.
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Lyme disease caused by deer ticks aka ____ found in deer and wild mice.
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Italics: Ixodes; causes rash and flu-like symptoms and later nerve damage, meningitis, partial paralysis, pain in joints and heart irregularity.
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Mites (smaller than ticks) can damage...
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agricultural crops by sucking plant cells, and are parasitic to bees.
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Larvae of redbugs aka chiggers feed on...
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dermal tissue of vertebrates including humans; they have strong salivary enzyme causing dermatitus (due to immune reactions) and itching.
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Follicle mites live on...
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hair follicles and are harmless; others live in cattle, horses, and dogs.
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Harvestmen aka "daddy long legs" have _________ and also lack...
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a fused cephalothorax and abodomen; lack silk glands and are harmless.
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Subphylum Myriapoda aka many feet have two tagmata (head and trunk) with paired appendages on most or all of trunk segments...
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such as Class Chiliopoda or Centipedes and Class Diplopoda or Millipedes.
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Class Chiliopoda (centipedes) have flattened dorsoventrical bodies with somites that have...
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single pair of appendages with the first of body segment bearing poisoned claws.
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Class Diplopoda (millipedes) has fused double segments each bearing two pairs of appendages, but are
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scavengers and decompose leaves, and have stink glands for defense.
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Subphylum Crustacea aka shell groups are aquatic animals with two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles, and two pairs of maxillae. What are functions of each respectively?
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Mandibles (chewing ie jaw-like)
Maxillae (food handling structures) |
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Shell groups (Crustacean) have cephalothorax body...
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with dorsal carapace and abdomen.
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Many shell groups (Crustacean) are ___ (in terms of nutrition)
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filter feeders
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Some (Crustacean) are predators while others such as crabs and crayfish are _____
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scavengers
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Shell group (Crustacean) respiration is possible with internal...
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gills or on appendages
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Excretion in shell groups (Crustaceans) are possible by paired organs called ____
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antennal glands (aka green glands) or maxillary glands (depending on where they open at base of antennae)
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Diffusion across gill surfaces of Crustaceans excrete ammonia or...
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nitrogenous wastes
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(Crustacean) Excretory organs especially in freshwater forms are involved in:
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ionic and osmotic balance
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Crustaceans reproduce by going through larval stage called...
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nauplius that have three pairs of appendages and a single median eye; when growing, ecdysis occurs which makes animal vulnerable because of soft cuticle that is slowly hardening...
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Class Malacostraca belong to subphylum ____ and consist of the ____
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Crustacean; Decapods (10 legs) that have 5 pairs of walking legs where first pair are pincers or chelipods.
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Isopods aka pill bugs or wood lice belong to subphylum ____ and have a dorsoventrally flat body, and use ___ for respiration.
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Crustacean; gills (thus restricted to moist places)
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Amphipods belong to subphylum ____ and consist of beach fleas, sand hoppers, or side-swimmers. What do these lack?
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Carapace
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Italics: Gammarus (Amphipods) are used for...
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bait by many fishermen; they are freshwater forms like scud.
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Class Maxillopoda include Copepods (oar feet) and Barnacles. Copepods have 1), 2), and are big part of food chain.
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1) cylindrical tapering bodies and 2) forked tails.
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Barnacles are sessile encased in...
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calcareous plates that can use stalks to attach (on ships, for example)
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Class Branchiopoda are aka "gill feet." They are found in
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freshwater habitats and have leaf like legs that serve as gills for respiratory organs and for filter feeding.
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Brine shrimp (Artemia) belong in class ___ and live in what habitats?
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Branchiopoda; habitats with high salt content. Their eggs are resistant to drying in temporary pools.
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During favorable periods, Water fleas (Daphnia) [type of zooplankton] reproduce by...
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parthenogenesis which produces diploid amictic eggs (females)
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During unfavorable periods, female water fleas produce ____ eggs of what gender?
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diploid (that are male). They also produce haploid mictic eggs by meiosis that needs male fertilization; these eggs are resistant to dessication and freezing and only hatch in better conditions.
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Subphylum Hexapoda have ___ legs! They include Class Insecta with characteristcs:
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6; with three pairs of legs, two pairs of wings, body consisting of head, thorax, three tagmata, and abdomen.
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What is entomology?
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Study of insects
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Economic entomology is important to...
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agriculture, forestry, and food industry
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Medical entomology deals with species affecting...
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human and animal health
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Insects reproduce by:
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internal fertilization where embryos develop within nutrient rich eggs that allow oxygen in without drying out.
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Head of insects bear:
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pair of compound eyes, one pair of antenna, and three simple eyes called ocelli.
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Insects have feeding appendages with mandibles (functioning in....) that consist of two pairs of maxillae.
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chewing
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Malpighian tubules help insects excrete wastes from hemolymph and deposit it as _____.
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Uric acid in intestines where more water is removed.
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