Bio 204 - Lecture - 11/08/11 Test

Front 1

Commonalities of Bacteria and Archaea -

Back 1

Form two of the largest branches on the tree of life.
Commonality: Unicellular and Prokaryotic
Vital in nutrient recycling
Incredibly small organisms, but incredibly important to the lives of larger, multicellular organisms

Front 2

Prokaryotes

Back 2

Lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Tough cell wall around plasma membrane.
Single, often circular DNA molecule. No or few membrane-bound organelles.cells small (1-5 um diameter)
Unicellular (sometimes forming
simple chains or mats)

Front 3

Plasmid:

Back 3

structure containing genes independent of the chromosome – often used when envt changes.

Front 4

Prokaryotes are a ______ Group

Back 4

Paraphyletic

Front 5

Eukaryotes

Back 5

cells large (10-100 um)
unicellular or multicellular
nucleus and organelles
different cell wall when present

Front 6

Prokaryote shapes

Back 6

spherical, helical, and rod-shaped

Front 7

Flagella(flagellum)

Back 7

move a bacteria through its environment as the flagellum rotates.

Front 8

Binary Fission:

Back 8

Asexual reproduction through the division of a cell in which each part can grow to the size of original cell.

Front 9

transformation -

Back 9

the uptake of genes from the surrounding environment through cell wall.

Front 10

transduction -

Back 10

transfer of genes from viruses to prokaryotes

Front 11

conjugation -

Back 11

direct transfer of genes from prokaryote to prokaryote

Front 12

Horizontal gene transfer

Back 12

DNA from environment (potentially from other species)
More common with genes of prokaryotes

Front 13

Gram-positive –

Back 13

difference in cell wall and plasma membranes. Gram-positive bacteria retain color. Has a huge amount of peptidoglycan in its cell wall
.

Front 14

Gram-negative –

Back 14

Turn pink in the dye because they have some peptidoglycan. Has a cell wall made of polysacchrides

Front 15

Purple =

Back 15

Gram Positive = Lots of Peptidoglycan in cell wall