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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biodiversity
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Biological diversity”. Can be broken down and further defined depending on the subject. Genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
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Biodiversity is not a state!
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Changes though time
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Biodiversity is not a __________
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“state” It changes through time.
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Genetic Diversity
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the total genetic information contained within all individuals of a species
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Species Diversity
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variety of species in a specific location (global, USA, your tongue, etc). Defined through BOTH the number of species and the number of each species.
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Ecosystem Diversity
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The variety of biotic communities in a region along with abiotic components (soil, air, etc)
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Number of species described
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1.5 mill
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Number of species estimated to exist
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5-8 mill
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First person to categorize life
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Aristotle
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Aristotle’ life categories
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Plant or Animal (land, water, or air)
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Carolus Linnaeus
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decided on a life categorization system based on structure and function. Developed binomial nomenclature. Lived in a very chaotic time for science
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Binomial nomenclature
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developed by Carolus Linnaeus. Identifies species through “Genus_Species” form
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Did King Phillip Came Over From Germany Stoned?
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Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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Carl Woese
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Suggested grouping organisms according to DNA instead of appearance similarity. Resulted in the Tree of Life. Practice is called “Phylogeny”
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Phylogeny
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the study of evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms. Based on DNA/RNA
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Non-linear steps of the scientific method
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Observation. Question. Hypothesis. Prediction. Test. Gather Data. Conclusion. Share
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Benefits and outcomes,
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exploration and discovery, and community and analysis are all interrelated with the actual testing of ideas.
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The three aspects of a good scientific question:
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1)A good question can be tested, 2) Builds on what you already know, 3)leads to more questions
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Fitness
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how man offspring are left behind. Not necessarily about physical fitness, more like reproductive fitness.
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Hypotheses
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Proposed explanations that make testable predictions
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4 Main postulates of Natural Selection
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1)Individuals have different traits within the species. 2)Some variations or hereditary, 3)more offspring are produced than can survive, 4)offspring with beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
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Alfred Russel Wallace
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developed natural selection also. Published a paper with Darwin.
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Name of Darwin’s boat –
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The Beagle, 18/31-36
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Lamarck –
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Thought of evolution as a ladder
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Descent with modification
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Change over time results in modern species from an ancestral species. Change through time IS occurring but everyone is still related via a common ancestor,
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Examples of changes through time
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Fossils, extinction, transitional forms, vestigial traits, geographic relationships, homologies
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Example of transitional forms
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“Fishapod”, Tiktaalik
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Tiktaalik
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A transitional species thought to be the link between fish and land animals
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Vestigial Traits
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Structures that have little/reduced function. Example: Tailbones, goosebumps, blind fish with eye sockets, flightless birds w/ wings, wisdom teeth
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Geographic relationships
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4 Different versions of the mocking bird on one island -> Darwin would have proposed that they had a common ancestor and shared a spot on a phylogenic tree
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Analogous traits
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Similar traits that did not evolved from a common ancestor. Such as bats and birds who both have wings
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Homologies
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similarities due to a common ancestor
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Genetic homology
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similarity in DNA
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Developmental homology
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similarity of certain prenatal aspects
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Structural homology
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Similarities across adult morphologies (femur connected to the radius)
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Evolution is a change in _______ frequencies in a population over time
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allele
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